Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2019 Jan;30(1):63-69. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000537.
To provide a comprehensive summary of the latest evidence-based data on nutrients linked to the pathogenesis of cataract formation and progression.
This summary of peer-reviewed publications emphasizes the ongoing effort to modulate the cataractogenous process through nutrition, and points at an only weak evidence for the contribution of a specific nutrient to this process. Although observational studies successfully demonstrated a positive correlation between specific nutrients intake and age-related cataract, such evidence was usually lacking in following interventional studies. Three metanalyses point towards a beneficial effect of high intake of vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin A on the risk of age-related cataract. New studies point at a protective effect of a high intake of vitamin K1 and vitamin D but negate the influence of Mediterranean diet or an overall high dairy consumption on the progression of cataract in a subgroup of patients. Sterols are candidate nutrients for future investigation.
Nutrition rich in fruits and vegetables, and a high dietary intake of vitamins A, C, D, E and K1 may be inversely associated with the risk of age-related cataract. More studies involving patients in a wide range of nutritional status are required to establish the long-term benefit of nutritional supplements.
提供与白内障形成和进展相关的营养素的最新循证数据的综合总结。
对同行评议文献的总结强调了通过营养来调节白内障发生过程的持续努力，并指出只有很少的证据表明特定营养素对这一过程有贡献。尽管观察性研究成功地证明了特定营养素摄入与年龄相关性白内障之间存在正相关，但这种证据在随后的干预性研究中通常缺乏。三项荟萃分析表明，维生素 C、维生素 E 和维生素 A 摄入量高与年龄相关性白内障的风险降低有关。新的研究表明，维生素 K1 和维生素 D 的高摄入量具有保护作用，但否定了地中海饮食或整体高乳制品摄入对患者亚组白内障进展的影响。固醇是未来研究的候选营养素。
富含水果和蔬菜的营养，以及高膳食摄入的维生素 A、C、D、E 和 K1，可能与年龄相关性白内障的风险呈负相关。需要更多涉及营养状况广泛的患者的研究，以确定营养补充的长期益处。
