Department of Ophthalmology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, China.
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
Eye (Lond). 2023 Oct;37(15):3234-3242. doi: 10.1038/s41433-023-02498-9. Epub 2023 Mar 27.
A prospective cohort study to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and the risk of cataract.
We included 72,160 participants who were free of cataract at baseline from the UK Biobank. Frequency and type of F&V intake were assessed using a web-based 24 h dietary questionnaire from 2009 to 2012. Development of cataract during the follow-up was defined by self-report or hospital inpatient records up to 2021. Cox proportional regression models were used to estimate the association between F&V intake and incident cataract.
During a mean follow-up of 9.1 years, 5753 participants developed cataract with a corresponding incidence of 8.0%. After adjusting for multiple demographic, medical and lifestyle covariates, higher intake of F&V were associated with a lower risk of cataract (≥6.5 vs. <2 servings/week: hazards ratio [HR]: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.89; P < 0.0001). Regarding specific types, significant reduced risk of cataract was found for higher intake of legumes (P = 0.0016), tomatoes (≥5.2 vs. <1.8 servings/week: HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.00), and apple and pear (>7 vs. <3.5 servings/week: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.94; P < 0.0001), but not for cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, berry, citrus fruit or melon. Smokers were found to benefit more from F&V intake than former and never smokers. Men also could benefit more from higher vegetable intake than women.
More F&V intake, especially legumes, tomatoes, apple, and pear, was associated with a lower risk of cataract in this UK Biobank cohort.
一项前瞻性队列研究旨在调查水果和蔬菜（F&V）摄入与白内障风险之间的关联。
我们纳入了 72160 名在基线时无白内障的 UK Biobank 参与者。2009 年至 2012 年，使用基于网络的 24 小时饮食问卷评估 F&V 的摄入频率和类型。在 2021 年之前，通过自我报告或医院住院记录来定义白内障的发展。使用 Cox 比例风险回归模型来估计 F&V 摄入与新发白内障之间的关联。
在平均 9.1 年的随访期间，有 5753 名参与者发生了白内障，相应的发病率为 8.0%。在调整了多个人口统计学、医学和生活方式协变量后，较高的 F&V 摄入与较低的白内障风险相关（≥6.5 份/周与<2 份/周：风险比[HR]：0.82，95%置信区间[CI]：0.76 至 0.89；P<0.0001）。关于特定类型，较高的豆类（P=0.0016）、番茄（≥5.2 份/周与<1.8 份/周：HR：0.94，95%CI：0.88 至 1.00）以及苹果和梨（>7 份/周与<3.5 份/周：0.89，95%CI：0.83 至 0.94；P<0.0001）摄入与白内障风险显著降低相关，但十字花科蔬菜、绿叶蔬菜、浆果、柑橘类水果或瓜类与白内障风险降低无关。与从不吸烟者和前吸烟者相比，吸烟者从 F&V 摄入中获益更多。与女性相比，男性从较高的蔬菜摄入中获益更多。
在这项 UK Biobank 队列中，更多的 F&V 摄入，尤其是豆类、番茄、苹果和梨，与较低的白内障风险相关。
