Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
Helicobacter. 2019 Feb;24(1):e12544. doi: 10.1111/hel.12544. Epub 2018 Oct 16.
Helicobacter pylori, gastric cancer-causing bacteria, survive in their gastric environment of more than 50% of the world population. The presence of H. pylori in the gastric vicinity promotes the development of various diseases including peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. H. pylori produce and secret Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), a major toxin facilitating the bacteria against the host defense system. The toxin causes multiple effects in epithelial cells and immune cells, especially T cells, B cells, and Macrophages.
This review describes the diverse functionalities of protein toxin VacA. The specific objective of this review is to address the overall structure, mechanism, and functions of VacA in various cell types. The recent advancements are summarized and discussed and thus conclusion is drawn based on the overall reported evidences.
The searched articles on H. pylori VacA were evaluated and limited up to 66 articles for this review. The articles were divided into four major categories including articles on vacA gene, VacA toxin, distinct effects of VacA toxin, and their effects on various cells. Based on these studies, the review article was prepared.
This review describes an overview of how VacA is secreted by H. pylori and contributes to colonization and virulence in multiple ways by affecting epithelial cells, T cells, Dendritic cells, B cells, and Macrophages. The reported evidence suggests that the comprehensive outlook need to be developed for understanding distinctive functionalities of VacA.
导致胃癌的幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）在超过全球 50%人口的胃环境中存活。H. pylori 在胃附近的存在促进了多种疾病的发展，包括消化性溃疡和胃癌。H. pylori 产生并分泌空泡细胞毒素 A（VacA），这是一种主要的毒素，使细菌能够抵御宿主的防御系统。该毒素对上皮细胞和免疫细胞（尤其是 T 细胞、B 细胞和巨噬细胞）产生多种影响。
本文描述了蛋白毒素 VacA 的多种功能。本综述的具体目的是阐明 VacA 在各种细胞类型中的总体结构、机制和功能。总结并讨论了最近的进展，并根据总体报道的证据得出结论。
对有关 H. pylori VacA 的文章进行了检索和评估，为本综述限制在 66 篇文章以内。这些文章分为四大类，包括 vacA 基因、VacA 毒素、VacA 毒素的不同作用以及它们对各种细胞的影响。基于这些研究，编写了综述文章。
本文概述了 VacA 如何被 H. pylori 分泌，并通过多种方式影响上皮细胞、T 细胞、树突状细胞、B 细胞和巨噬细胞，从而促进定植和毒力。报告的证据表明，需要开发全面的观点来了解 VacA 的独特功能。
