Molecular Preventive Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Nutrients. 2018 Oct 17;10(10):1532. doi: 10.3390/nu10101532.
Plant cultivation and processing may impact nutrient and phytochemical content of vegetables. The present study aimed at determining the influence of cultivation and processing on the health promoting capacity of African nightshade ( Mill.) leaves, an indigenous vegetable, rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. Anti-genotoxicity against the human liver carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB₁) as determined by the comet assay and radical oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts were investigated in human derived liver (HepG2) cells. ROS scavenging activity was assessed using electron paramagnetic spin resonance and quantification of ARE/Nrf2 mediated gene expression. The cultivation was done under different environmental conditions. The processing included fermentation and cooking; postharvest ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) treatment was also investigated. Overall, extracts showed strong health promoting potential, the highest potential was observed with the fermented extract, which showed a 60% reduction of AFB₁ induced DNA damage and a 38% reduction in FeSO₄ induced oxidative stress. The content of total polyphenols, carotenoids and chlorophylls was indeed affected by cultivation and processing. Based on the present findings consumption of leaves could be further encouraged, preferentially after cooking or fermentation of the plant.
植物的种植和加工方式可能会影响蔬菜的营养成分和植物化学物质含量。本研究旨在确定种植和加工方式对富含营养成分和植物化学物质的非洲茄（Mill.）叶（一种本土蔬菜）促进健康的能力的影响。通过彗星试验测定了其对人类肝脏致癌物黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB₁）的抗遗传毒性作用，并在人源肝（HepG2）细胞中测定了其对自由基（ROS）的清除能力和乙醇及水提取物的能力。使用电子顺磁共振（EPR）和 ARE/Nrf2 介导的基因表达定量评估了 ROS 清除活性。种植是在不同的环境条件下进行的。加工包括发酵和烹饪；还研究了收获后紫外线照射（UV-C）处理。总体而言，提取物表现出很强的促进健康的潜力，其中发酵提取物的潜力最大，其可使 AFB₁诱导的 DNA 损伤减少 60%，FeSO₄ 诱导的氧化应激减少 38%。多酚、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素的总含量确实受到种植和加工方式的影响。根据目前的研究结果，食用 叶可以得到进一步的鼓励，优选在植物经过烹饪或发酵后食用。
