Joshi Shashank R
Department of Endocrinology, Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra.
J Assoc Physicians India. 2018 Mar;66(3):75-8.
Thyroid hormone is an important determinant of energy expenditure and contributes to appetite regulation, while hormones and cytokines from the adipose tissue act on the CNS to inform on the quantity of energy stores. A continuous interaction between the thyroid hormone and regulatory mechanisms localized in adipose tissue and brain is important for human body weight control and maintenance of optimal energy balance. Direct effects on ATP utilization are a result of thyroid hormone's actions on metabolic cycles and increased cell membrane ion permeability. However, the majority of thyroid hormone induced energy expenditure is thought to be a result of indirect effects, which, in turn, increase capacity for energy expenditure. This review discusses the direct actions of thyroid hormone on energy expenditure, and places special emphasis on the indirect actions of thyroid hormone, which include mitochondrial biogenesis and reduced metabolic efficiency through mitochondrial uncoupling mechanisms.
甲状腺激素是能量消耗的重要决定因素，有助于食欲调节，而来自脂肪组织的激素和细胞因子作用于中枢神经系统，以告知能量储备的数量。甲状腺激素与位于脂肪组织和大脑中的调节机制之间的持续相互作用对于人体体重控制和维持最佳能量平衡至关重要。甲状腺激素对ATP利用的直接影响是其对代谢循环作用以及增加细胞膜离子通透性的结果。然而，大多数甲状腺激素诱导的能量消耗被认为是间接作用的结果，反过来又增加了能量消耗的能力。本综述讨论了甲状腺激素对能量消耗的直接作用，并特别强调了甲状腺激素的间接作用，包括线粒体生物发生和通过线粒体解偶联机制降低代谢效率。
