Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2233 Post Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2233 Post Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2018 Nov;102(6):1081-1093. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2018.06.014.
Objective and subjective tinnitus can often be differentiated based on comprehensive history, physical examination, and audiogram. Examples of objective tinnitus include vascular abnormalities, palatal myoclonus, patulous eustachian tube, and stapedial/tensor tympani muscle spasm. Subjective tinnitus is usually associated with hearing loss. Rarely, tinnitus is the result of an underlying condition. In these cases, imaging and additional testing may be indicated. Classification of the type, quality, and intensity of tinnitus is helpful in the work-up and treatment of tinnitus. Treatment modalities include cognitive behavioral therapy, tinnitus retraining therapy, sound therapy, hearing aids, cochlear implants, pharmacotherapy, and brain stimulation.
客观性耳鸣和主观性耳鸣通常可以通过全面的病史、体格检查和听力图来区分。客观性耳鸣的例子包括血管异常、腭肌阵挛、咽鼓管扩张和镫骨/鼓膜张肌痉挛。主观性耳鸣通常与听力损失有关。很少见的情况下，耳鸣是潜在疾病的结果。在这些情况下，可能需要进行影像学检查和其他检查。耳鸣的类型、质量和强度分类有助于耳鸣的检查和治疗。治疗方法包括认知行为疗法、耳鸣再训练疗法、声音疗法、助听器、人工耳蜗、药物治疗和脑刺激。
