Yang Yi, Ingwersen Wesley W, Hawkins Troy R, Srocka Michael, Meyer David E
CSRA Inc., Falls Church, VA 22042.
US Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268.
J Clean Prod. 2017 Aug;158:308-318. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.150.
National-scope environmental life cycle models of goods and services may be used for many purposes, not limited to quantifying impacts of production and consumption of nations, assessing organization-wide impacts, identifying purchasing hotspots, analyzing environmental impacts of policies, and performing streamlined life cycle assessment. USEEIO is a new environmentally-extended input-output model of the United States fit for such purposes and other sustainable materials management applications. USEEIO melds data on economic transactions between 389 industry sectors with environmental data for these sectors covering land, water, energy and mineral usage and emissions of greenhouse gases, criteria air pollutants, nutrients and toxics, to build a life cycle model of 385 US goods and services. In comparison with existing US models, USEEIO is more current with most data representing year 2013, more extensive in its coverage of resources and emissions, more deliberate and detailed in its interpretation and combination of data sources, and includes formal data quality evaluation and description. USEEIO is assembled with a new Python module called the IO Model Builder capable of assembling and calculating results of user-defined input-output models and exporting the models into LCA software. The model and data quality evaluation capabilities are demonstrated with an analysis of the environmental performance of an average hospital in the US. All USEEIO files are publicly available bringing a new level of transparency for environmentally-extended input-output models.
国家层面的商品和服务环境生命周期模型可用于多种目的，包括但不限于量化各国生产和消费的影响、评估组织层面的影响、识别采购热点、分析政策的环境影响以及进行简化的生命周期评估。美国环境拓展投入产出模型（USEEIO）是一种适用于此类目的及其他可持续材料管理应用的新型美国环境拓展投入产出模型。USEEIO将389个行业部门之间的经济交易数据与这些部门的环境数据相结合，这些环境数据涵盖土地、水、能源和矿产使用以及温室气体、标准空气污染物、营养物质和有毒物质的排放，以构建385种美国商品和服务的生命周期模型。与现有的美国模型相比，USEEIO的数据更新程度更高，大多数数据代表2013年；其资源和排放覆盖范围更广；在数据来源的解释和组合方面更加审慎和详细；并且包括正式的数据质量评估和描述。USEEIO是通过一个名为IO模型构建器的新Python模块组装而成的，该模块能够组装和计算用户定义的投入产出模型的结果，并将这些模型导出到生命周期评估软件中。通过对美国一家普通医院的环境绩效分析，展示了该模型和数据质量评估能力。所有USEEIO文件均可公开获取，为环境拓展投入产出模型带来了新的透明度。
