Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, 10065.
Protein Sci. 2019 Feb;28(2):305-312. doi: 10.1002/pro.3531. Epub 2018 Nov 15.
Heterotrimeric G-proteins are cellular signal transducers. They mainly relay signals from G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs function as guanine nucleotide-exchange factors to active these G-proteins. Based on the sequence and functional similarities, these G-proteins are grouped into four subfamilies: G , G , G , and G . The G subfamily consists of two members: G and G . G -mediated signaling pathways play pivotal roles in a variety of physiological processes, while aberrant regulation of this pathway has been identified in various human diseases. Here we summarize the signaling mechanisms and physiological functions of Gα in blood vessel formation and bone homeostasis. We further discuss the expanding roles of Gα in cancers, serving as oncogenes as well as tumor suppressors.
异三聚体 G 蛋白是细胞信号转导物。它们主要将信号从 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) 中继。GPCR 作为鸟苷酸交换因子发挥作用，激活这些 G 蛋白。根据序列和功能的相似性，这些 G 蛋白被分为四个亚家族：G 、G 、G 和 G 。G 亚家族由两个成员组成：G 和 G 。G 介导的信号通路在多种生理过程中发挥关键作用，而该通路的异常调节已在各种人类疾病中得到证实。在这里，我们总结了 Gα 在血管生成和骨稳态中的信号机制和生理功能。我们还进一步讨论了 Gα 在癌症中的作用不断扩大，作为癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因。
