Guo Paipai, Tai Yu, Wang Manman, Sun Hanfei, Zhang Lingling, Wei Wei, Xiang Yang K, Wang Qingtong
Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Feb 14;10:809425. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.809425. eCollection 2022.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as the largest family of receptors in the human body, are involved in the pathological mechanisms of many diseases. Heterotrimeric G proteins represent the main molecular switch and receive cell surface signals from activated GPCRs. Growing evidence suggests that Gα subfamily (Gα)-mediated signaling plays a crucial role in cellular function and various pathological processes. The current research on the physiological and pathological function of Gα is constantly expanding, Changes in the expression levels of Gα have been found in a wide range of human diseases. However, the mechanistic research on Gα is scattered. This review briefly describes the structural sequences of the Gα isoforms and introduces the coupling of GPCRs and non-GPCRs to Gα. The effects of Gα on RhoA and other signaling pathways and their roles in cell proliferation, migration, and immune cell function, are discussed. Finally, we focus on the pathological impacts of Gα in cancer, inflammation, metabolic diseases, fibrotic diseases, and circulatory disorders are brought to focus.
G蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）作为人体中最大的受体家族，参与多种疾病的病理机制。异源三聚体G蛋白是主要的分子开关，接收来自活化GPCRs的细胞表面信号。越来越多的证据表明，Gα亚家族（Gα）介导的信号传导在细胞功能和各种病理过程中起关键作用。目前对Gα生理和病理功能的研究不断扩展，在多种人类疾病中都发现了Gα表达水平的变化。然而，关于Gα的机制研究较为分散。本综述简要描述了Gα亚型的结构序列，并介绍了GPCRs和非GPCRs与Gα的偶联。讨论了Gα对RhoA和其他信号通路的影响及其在细胞增殖、迁移和免疫细胞功能中的作用。最后，我们重点关注Gα在癌症、炎症、代谢性疾病、纤维化疾病和循环系统疾病中的病理影响。
