INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Dijon, France.
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
Mol Ecol. 2018 Dec;27(23):4931-4946. doi: 10.1111/mec.14903. Epub 2018 Nov 25.
It is unclear how sustained increases in temperature and changes in precipitation, as a result of climate change, will affect crops and their interactions with agricultural weeds, insect pests and predators, due to the difficulties in quantifying changes in such complex relationships. We simulated the combined effects of increasing temperature (by an average of 1.4°C over a growing season) and applying additional rainwater (10% of the monthly mean added weekly, 40% total) using a replicated, randomized block experiment within a wheat crop. We examined how this affected the structure of 24 quantitative replicate plant-aphid-parasitoid networks constructed using DNA-based methods. Simulated climate warming affected species richness, significantly altered consumer-resource asymmetries and reduced network complexity. Increased temperature induced an aphid outbreak, but the parasitism rates of aphids by parasitoid wasps remained unchanged. It also drove changes in the crop, altering in particular the phenology of the wheat as well as its quality (i.e., fewer, lighter seeds). We discuss the importance of considering the wider impacts of climate change on interacting species across trophic levels in agroecosystems.
由于难以量化这种复杂关系的变化，气候变化导致的温度持续升高和降水变化将如何影响作物及其与农业杂草、害虫和捕食者的相互作用尚不清楚。我们使用小麦作物内的重复随机分组实验，模拟了温度升高（整个生长季节平均升高 1.4°C）和额外雨水（每月平均值的 10%每周添加，总计 40%）的综合影响。我们研究了这如何影响使用基于 DNA 的方法构建的 24 个定量重复植物-蚜虫-寄生蜂网络的结构。模拟气候变暖影响了物种丰富度，显著改变了消费者-资源的不对称性，并降低了网络的复杂性。温度升高引发了蚜虫爆发，但寄生蜂对蚜虫的寄生率保持不变。它还导致作物发生变化，特别是改变了小麦的物候和质量（即种子更少、更轻）。我们讨论了在农业生态系统中考虑气候变化对相互作用的跨营养级物种的更广泛影响的重要性。
