Ironside Maria, Kumar Poornima, Kang Min-Su, Pizzagalli Diego A
McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02476, USA Telephone: +1 800-333-0338.
Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2018 Aug;22:106-113. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.01.016. Epub 2018 Feb 22.
Acute and chronic stress have dissociable effects on reward sensitivity, and a better understanding of these effects promises to elucidate the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders, particularly depression. Recent preclinical and human findings suggest that stress particularly affects reward anticipation; chronic stress perturbates dopamine signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum; and such effects are further moderated by early adversities. Additionally, a systems-level approach is uncovering the interplay among striatal, limbic and control networks giving rise to stress-related, blunted reward sensitivity. Together, this cross-species confluence has not only enriched our understanding of stress-reward links but also highlighted the role of neuropeptides and opioid receptors in such effects, and thereby identified novel targets for stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
急性应激和慢性应激对奖赏敏感性具有不同的影响，更好地理解这些影响有望阐明应激相关障碍，尤其是抑郁症的病理生理学机制。近期的临床前研究和人体研究结果表明，应激特别影响奖赏预期；慢性应激会扰乱内侧前额叶皮质和腹侧纹状体中的多巴胺信号传导；早期逆境会进一步加剧这些影响。此外，一种系统层面的方法正在揭示纹状体、边缘系统和控制网络之间的相互作用，这些相互作用导致了与应激相关的奖赏敏感性降低。总之，这种跨物种的融合不仅丰富了我们对应激与奖赏联系的理解，还突出了神经肽和阿片受体在这些影响中的作用，从而为应激相关的神经精神疾病确定了新的靶点。
