Socioeconomic and health-related childhood and adolescence predictors of entry into paid employment.

BACKGROUND

Most studies on prolonging working careers have explored later career, while less is known about social and particularly health-related determinants of entry into labour market. We examined social and health-related factors from childhood and adolescence as predictors of age at entry into paid employment and early occupational class, and whether own education moderates these associations.

METHODS

The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 was followed from birth until the end of 2015. We included 8542 participants (52% male) who had had a minimum of 6-month employment that was defined by registered earning periods. As socioeconomic predictors, we examined low parental education at age 7 and low household income at age 16. Behaviour- and health-related factors at age 16 included smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, overweight, length of sleep and not having breakfast, while mental health problems included symptoms of anxiety and depression, attention problems and social problems. The analyses for significant predictors were further stratified by register-based level of completed own education by age 28-29 (low/high).

RESULTS

After adjustments, low parental education, smoking and having been drunk were significant predictors of early entry into paid employment (≤18 vs. ≥24 years), especially among those who later obtained high education. Low parental education and smoking were predictors of low or non-specified (vs. high) occupational class in the first job. Mental health problems were not associated with either outcome.

CONCLUSIONS

Socioeconomic background and unhealthy lifestyle contribute to early entry into the labour market and low occupational status in the first job.