Kato Kazuko, Iwamoto Kunihiro, Kawano Naoko, Noda Yukihiro, Ozaki Norio, Noda Akiko
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
J Sport Health Sci. 2018 Apr;7(2):227-236. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.01.005. Epub 2017 Jan 25.
Although exercise and sleep duration habits are associated with cognitive function, their beneficial effects on cognitive function remain unclear. We aimed to examine the effect of sleep duration and daily physical activity on cognitive function, elucidating the neural mechanisms using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
A total of 23 healthy young adults (age 22.0 ± 2.2 years) participated in this study. Exercise amount was assessed using a uniaxial accelerometer. We evaluated total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency by actigraphy. Cognitive function was tested using the N-back task, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs (CPT-IP), and the cortical oxygenated hemoglobin levels during a word fluency task were measured with NIRS.
Exercise amount was significantly correlated with reaction time on 0- and 1-back tasks ( = -0.602, = 0.002; = -0.446, = 0.033, respectively), whereas TST was significantly correlated with % corrects on the 2-back task ( = 0.486, = 0.019). Multiple regression analysis, including exercise amount, TST, and sleep efficiency, revealed that exercise amount was the most significant factor for reaction time on 0- and 1-back tasks ( -0.634, = 0.002; -0.454 = 0.031, respectively), and TST was the most significant factor for % corrects on the 2-back task ( = 0.542, = 0.014). The parameter measured by WCST and CPT-IP was not significantly correlated with TST or exercise amount. Exercise amount, but not TST, was significantly correlated with the mean area under the NIRS curve in the prefrontal area ( = 0.492, = 0.017).
Exercise amount and TST had differential effects on working memory and cortical activation in the prefrontal area. Daily physical activity and appropriate sleep duration may play an important role in working memory.
尽管运动和睡眠时间习惯与认知功能相关，但其对认知功能的有益影响仍不明确。我们旨在研究睡眠时间和日常身体活动对认知功能的影响，并使用近红外光谱（NIRS）阐明其神经机制。
共有23名健康的年轻成年人（年龄22.0±2.2岁）参与了本研究。使用单轴加速度计评估运动量。我们通过活动记录仪评估总睡眠时间（TST）和睡眠效率。使用N-back任务、威斯康星卡片分类测试（WCST）和连续性能测试-相同对子（CPT-IP）测试认知功能，并使用NIRS测量单词流畅性任务期间的皮质氧合血红蛋白水平。
运动量与0-back和1-back任务的反应时间显著相关（分别为r = -0.602，p = 0.002；r = -0.446，p = 0.033），而TST与2-back任务的正确百分比显著相关（r = 0.486，p = 0.019）。包括运动量、TST和睡眠效率的多元回归分析表明，运动量是0-back和1-back任务反应时间的最显著因素（分别为β = -0.634，p = 0.002；β = -0.454，p = 0.031），TST是2-back任务正确百分比的最显著因素（β = 0.542，p = 0.014）。WCST和CPT-IP测量的参数与TST或运动量无显著相关性。运动量而非TST与前额叶区域NIRS曲线下的平均面积显著相关（r = 0.492，p = 0.017）。
运动量和TST对工作记忆和前额叶区域的皮质激活有不同影响。日常身体活动和适当的睡眠时间可能在工作记忆中起重要作用。
