Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
NorHEAD - Norwegian Centre for Headache Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Cereb Cortex. 2023 May 24;33(11):7100-7119. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhad024.
This study investigated how proactive and reactive cognitive control processing in the brain was associated with habitual sleep health. BOLD fMRI data were acquired from 81 healthy adults with normal sleep (41 females, age 20.96-39.58 years) during a test of cognitive control (Not-X-CPT). Sleep health was assessed in the week before MRI scanning, using both objective (actigraphy) and self-report measures. Multiple measures indicating poorer sleep health-including later/more variable sleep timing, later chronotype preference, more insomnia symptoms, and lower sleep efficiency-were associated with stronger and more widespread BOLD activations in fronto-parietal and subcortical brain regions during cognitive control processing (adjusted for age, sex, education, and fMRI task performance). Most associations were found for reactive cognitive control activation, indicating that poorer sleep health is linked to a "hyper-reactive" brain state. Analysis of time-on-task effects showed that, with longer time on task, poorer sleep health was predominantly associated with increased proactive cognitive control activation, indicating recruitment of additional neural resources over time. Finally, shorter objective sleep duration was associated with lower BOLD activation with time on task and poorer task performance. In conclusion, even in "normal sleepers," relatively poorer sleep health is associated with altered cognitive control processing, possibly reflecting compensatory mechanisms and/or inefficient neural processing.
本研究探讨了大脑中主动和被动认知控制处理与习惯性睡眠健康之间的关系。在认知控制测试（Not-X-CPT）中，从 81 名睡眠正常的健康成年人（41 名女性，年龄 20.96-39.58 岁）中采集了 BOLD fMRI 数据。在 MRI 扫描前一周，使用客观（活动记录仪）和自我报告措施评估睡眠健康。多项表明睡眠健康较差的指标，包括睡眠开始时间较晚/更可变、昼夜类型偏好较晚、更多的失眠症状和更低的睡眠效率，与认知控制处理期间前额顶叶和皮质下脑区的更强和更广泛的 BOLD 激活有关（调整年龄、性别、教育和 fMRI 任务表现）。大多数关联都与反应性认知控制激活有关，这表明睡眠健康较差与“过度活跃”的大脑状态有关。对任务时间效应的分析表明，随着任务时间的延长，睡眠健康较差主要与主动认知控制激活的增加有关，这表明随着时间的推移，会募集更多的神经资源。最后，客观睡眠时间较短与任务时间和任务表现较差时的 BOLD 激活降低有关。总之，即使在“正常睡眠者”中，相对较差的睡眠健康也与认知控制处理的改变有关，这可能反映了补偿机制和/或低效的神经处理。
