性别和年龄差异对中国上海 9-19 岁青少年居住安排与身体活动水平之间关系的影响：一项横断面问卷调查研究。
Gender and age differences in the association between living arrangement and physical activity levels among youth aged 9-19 years in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional questionnaire study.
机构信息
Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2019 Aug 1;19(1):1030. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7383-z.
BACKGROUND
We examined the correlations between living arrangement and the physical activity (PA) levels of youth aged 9-19 years while accounting for demographic factors such as age, sex, and socioeconomic status in Shanghai, China.
METHODS
Cross-sectional analyses of data from the 2014 Physical Activity and Fitness in Shanghai China-The Youth Study was conducted. Participants were 33,213 primary (9-11-year-olds; n = 13,237), junior middle (12-14-year-olds; n = 11,157), and junior high school students (15-19-year-olds; n = 8819). Youth (boys = 49%) and their guardians were randomly sampled from 17 districts in Shanghai, China. Youths' moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) levels, information about living arrangement, and guardians' sociodemographic factors were collected via questionnaires.
RESULTS
Only 17.8% of school-aged youths in Shanghai met MVPA recommendations, with significantly more boys (20.6%) meeting recommendations than girls (p < .001). Youths living in rural areas showed an overall significantly higher percentage of meeting MVPA recommendations (20.3%) than those living in urban areas (p < .001). Youths who lived with single parents showed an overall significantly lower percentage of meeting MVPA recommendations (15.3%) than those living with their grandparent(s) or with both parents (p < .001). A logistic regression analysis revealed that, among 9-11-year-olds, children who live with their grandparent(s) were less likely to meet MVPA recommendations than those who lived with both parents (boys: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.61-0.84; girls: aOR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.72-0.98).
CONCLUSIONS
Type of living arrangement was associated with the PA of youth in Shanghai, with no significant gender difference. Youth aged 9-19 years who lived with single parents had the lowest percentage of meeting MVPA recommendations. The probability of achieving 60 min/day MVPA recommendations was significantly lower among 9-11-year-old children living with their grandparent(s) than children living with both parents; however, no such difference was observed among adolescents. Our findings suggest that living arrangement may be an important consideration for promotion of PA among youth in China.
背景
我们在中国上海研究了 9-19 岁青少年的生活安排与身体活动（PA）水平之间的相关性，同时考虑了年龄、性别和社会经济地位等人口统计学因素。
方法
对 2014 年中国上海体育活动与健身-青少年研究的横断面数据分析。参与者为 33213 名小学生（9-11 岁；n=13237）、初中生（12-14 岁；n=11157）和高中生（15-19 岁；n=8819）。青少年（男生占 49%）及其监护人从中国上海 17 个区随机抽取。通过问卷收集青少年的中等到剧烈体力活动（MVPA）水平、生活安排信息以及监护人的社会人口统计学因素。
结果
仅 17.8%的上海学龄青少年符合 MVPA 推荐标准，男生（20.6%）符合推荐标准的比例明显高于女生（p<.001）。居住在农村地区的青少年总体上明显更高比例符合 MVPA 推荐标准（20.3%），而居住在城市地区的青少年则较低（p<.001）。与父母同住的青少年总体上明显低于与单亲父母同住的青少年符合 MVPA 推荐标准的比例（15.3%）（p<.001）。Logistic 回归分析显示，在 9-11 岁儿童中，与父母同住的儿童比与祖父母同住的儿童更不可能符合 MVPA 推荐标准（男孩：调整后的优势比（aOR）=0.72，95%置信区间（CI）=0.61-0.84；女孩：aOR=0.84，95%CI=0.72-0.98）。
结论
生活安排类型与上海青少年的 PA 有关，性别差异无统计学意义。与单亲父母同住的 9-19 岁青少年符合 MVPA 推荐标准的比例最低。与父母同住的 9-11 岁儿童达到 60 分钟/天 MVPA 推荐标准的可能性明显低于与祖父母同住的儿童；然而，青少年之间没有观察到这种差异。我们的研究结果表明，生活安排可能是促进中国青少年 PA 的一个重要考虑因素。
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