Harrison Andrew J, Molloy Patrick G, Furlong Laura-Anne M
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
J Sport Health Sci. 2018 Jul;7(3):372-377. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.04.010. Epub 2016 May 10.
Mathematical models propose leg length as a limiting factor in determining the maximum walking velocity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a leg length-based model in predicting maximum walking velocity in an applied race walking situation, by comparing experienced and novice race walkers during conditions where strictly no flight time (FT) was permitted and in simulated competition conditions (i.e., FT ≤ 40 ms).
Thirty-four participants (18 experienced and 16 novice race walkers) were recruited for this investigation. An Optojump Next system (8 m) was used to determine walking velocity, step frequency, step length, ground contact time, and FT during race walking over a range of velocities. Comparisons were made between novice and experienced participants in predicted maximum velocity and actual velocities achieved with no flight and velocities with FT ≤ 40 ms. The technical effectiveness of the participants was assessed using the ratio of maximum velocity to predicted velocity.
In novices, no significant difference was found between predicted and maximum walking speeds without FT but there was a small 5.8% gain in maximum speed when FT ≤ 40 ms. In experienced race walkers, there was a significant reduction in maximum walking speed compared with predicted maximum (<0.01) and a 11.7% gain in maximum walking speed with FT ≤ 40 ms.
Leg length was a good predictor of maximal walking velocity in novice walkers but not a good predictor of maximum walking speed in well-trained walkers who appear to have optimised their walking technique to make use of non-visible flight periods of less than 40 ms. The gain in velocity above predicted maximum may be a useful index of race walking proficiency.
数学模型表明腿长是决定最大步行速度的限制因素。本研究通过比较经验丰富的和新手竞走运动员在严格禁止飞行时间（FT）的条件下以及模拟比赛条件（即FT≤40毫秒）下的情况，评估基于腿长的模型在应用竞走情境中预测最大步行速度的有效性。
招募了34名参与者（18名经验丰富的和16名新手竞走运动员）进行这项研究。使用Optojump Next系统（8米）来确定一系列速度下竞走时的步行速度、步频、步长、地面接触时间和FT。比较了新手和经验丰富的参与者在预测的最大速度、无飞行时实际达到的速度以及FT≤40毫秒时的速度。使用最大速度与预测速度的比值评估参与者的技术有效性。
在新手当中，无FT时预测的和最大步行速度之间没有显著差异，但当FT≤40毫秒时，最大速度有5.8%的小幅增加。在经验丰富的竞走运动员中，与预测的最大值相比，最大步行速度显著降低（<0.01），且当FT≤40毫秒时，最大步行速度增加了11.7%。
腿长是新手步行者最大步行速度的良好预测指标，但对于训练有素的步行者来说，不是最大步行速度的良好预测指标，这些训练有素的步行者似乎已经优化了他们的步行技术，以利用小于40毫秒的不可见飞行时段。高于预测最大值的速度增加可能是竞走熟练度的一个有用指标。
