Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK.
Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2019 Jan 1;18(1):120-128. doi: 10.1039/c8pp00425k. Epub 2018 Oct 24.
Assessment of ultraviolet (UV) exposure is essential for evaluation of the risks and benefits to optimise public health outcomes. The exposure depends on available environmental UV radiation and individual behaviour, and it can be obtained from dosimetry studies; however, the use of dosimeters is often not feasible for large population groups or over long periods of time. In this study, a lifestyle questionnaire has been used to obtain information on the time spent outdoors by indoor workers that could be used in combination with dosimetry studies in smaller targeted groups to quantify UV exposure for health risk/benefit analysis. 894 office and laboratory workers at the Public Health England, UK, responded to the survey. Questions addressed the time of day and the duration of time; staff were outdoors on weekdays, at weekends and during holidays. The majority of the responders spent negligible time outdoors on weekdays. Outdoor activities before and after work were constrained by the work pattern and commuting. The average time for those who go outdoors before and after commuting was 22.5 ± 16.2 min and 30.4 ± 21.4 min, respectively. Only 7% of participants regularly spent their lunch break outdoors for 21.5 ± 12.2 min and weekday exposure may contribute less than 13% of the daily available erythema dose. At the weekend, on average responders spend 5.0 ± 2.6 h outdoors over the two days: if taken around midday, it accounts for approximately 50% of available UV exposure. In winter months in the UK, November to March, the combination of very low environmental UV and low ambient temperatures results in negligible UV exposure. Holidays contributed to the majority of the annual UV exposure. In summer, 45% of responders went to destinations where the UV levels may be up to 2 times higher than in the UK; durations of overseas holidays are also longer than UK breaks. The UV dose from two weeks of holiday in extreme UV index level destinations could be comparable to a 1.5-2 summer months holiday in the UK. The survey data were validated with 6 months of dosimetry within the same cohort; very strong and strong correlation was found between the survey and measurements. This shows that a lifestyle survey can be used in combination with targeted dosimetry studies in small groups to obtain information about the time spent outdoors.
紫外线（UV）暴露评估对于评估风险和收益以优化公共健康结果至关重要。暴露取决于可用的环境 UV 辐射和个体行为，可以通过剂量测定研究获得；然而，对于大量人群或长时间，使用剂量计通常是不可行的。在这项研究中，使用生活方式问卷获取室内工作者在户外的时间信息，这些信息可与较小目标人群的剂量测定研究结合使用，以量化 UV 暴露量进行健康风险/收益分析。英国公共卫生英格兰的 894 名办公室和实验室工作人员对调查做出了回应。这些问题涉及白天和持续时间；工作人员在工作日、周末和假期在户外。大多数受访者在工作日几乎没有在户外度过时间。工作模式和通勤限制了上下班前后的户外活动。那些在通勤前后外出的人的平均时间分别为 22.5 ± 16.2 分钟和 30.4 ± 21.4 分钟。只有 7%的参与者经常在户外度过午餐休息时间，时间为 21.5 ± 12.2 分钟，而工作日的暴露量可能不到每天可获得的红斑剂量的 13%。在周末，平均而言，受访者在两天内户外时间为 5.0 ± 2.6 小时：如果在中午左右进行，则占可用 UV 暴露量的大约 50%。在英国的冬季月份，即 11 月至 3 月，环境 UV 极低和环境温度低导致可忽略不计的 UV 暴露。假期占全年 UV 暴露的大部分。在夏季，45%的受访者前往紫外线水平可能比英国高 2 倍的目的地；海外假期的持续时间也比英国假期长。在紫外线指数水平极高的目的地度过两周假期所产生的 UV 剂量可能与在英国度过 1.5-2 个月的夏季假期相当。使用相同队列中的 6 个月剂量测定对调查数据进行了验证；调查与测量之间存在非常强和强的相关性。这表明生活方式调查可以与小群体中的针对性剂量测定研究结合使用，以获取有关户外时间的信息。
