College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, 3122, Australia.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1078:271-290. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-0950-2_14.
Polymer-based nanoparticles (PNPs) are attractive in part due to their ultra-small size, versatility and target specificity. Therefore, PNPs have been increasingly used in a variety of biomedical applications including diagnoses and therapeutic treatment. In this chapter, we focus on the recent studies (within 5 years) with some new ideas/agent's application in biomedical field and roughly divide applications of PNPs into four categories: (1) Delivery, (2) In vivo imaging, (3) Therapies, and (4) Other applications. First, we introduce how PNPs can enhance the treatment and delivery efficiency of therapeutic agent. Second, how PNPs can be used to help in vivo imaging system for disease tracking and monitor. Then, we reveal some novel PNPs which is able to function as an agent in photodynamic, photothermal, sonodynamic and neuron capture therapy. Furthermore, we also mention some interesting applications of PNPs for biomedical field in individual form or cluster employment, such as immunoswitch particles, surface fabrication. Finally, the challenges and future development of PNPs are also discussed. In delivery section, we focus on how polymer "can be used" as vehicles in delivery application. But, in the section of imaging and therapies, we carried on how polymer as an "adjuvant" for functional enhancement. The biodegradable property of PNPs is the feature that they can be controllable for itself degradation and drug release as a chief actor. Besides, in imaging and therapies application, PNPs can be the support role for helping contrast agent or photo/sonosensitizer to enlarge their imaging or therapeutic effect.
基于聚合物的纳米粒子（PNPs）因其超小尺寸、多功能性和靶向特异性而备受关注。因此，PNPs 已越来越多地用于各种生物医学应用，包括诊断和治疗。在本章中，我们重点介绍了最近 5 年内在生物医学领域应用的一些新思想/试剂的研究，并将 PNPs 的应用大致分为四类：（1）递送，（2）体内成像，（3）治疗，和（4）其他应用。首先，我们介绍了 PNPs 如何增强治疗剂的治疗和递送效率。其次，PNPs 如何用于帮助疾病跟踪和监测的体内成像系统。然后，我们揭示了一些能够作为光动力、光热、声动力和神经元捕获治疗剂的新型 PNPs。此外，我们还提到了一些有趣的 PNPs 在生物医学领域的应用，无论是单独使用还是集群使用，例如免疫开关粒子、表面制造。最后，还讨论了 PNPs 的挑战和未来发展。在递送部分，我们重点介绍了聚合物如何作为载体在递送上发挥作用。但是，在成像和治疗部分，我们研究了聚合物如何作为辅助剂来增强功能。PNPs 的可生物降解性是其作为主要作用物可控自身降解和药物释放的特点。此外，在成像和治疗应用中，PNPs 可以作为支持物来帮助对比剂或光/声敏化剂放大其成像或治疗效果。
