Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, 44691.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, 42445.
Plant Dis. 2018 Dec;102(12):2500-2510. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-03-18-0466-RE. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
Anthesis is generally recommended as the optimum growth stage for applying a foliar fungicide to manage Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the Fusarium-associated toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat. However, because it is not always possible to treat fields at anthesis, studies were conducted to evaluate pre- and postanthesis treatment options for managing FHB and DON in spring and winter wheat. Network meta-analytical models were fitted to data from 19 years of fungicide trials, and log response ratio ([Formula: see text]) and approximate percent control ([Formula: see text]) relative to a nontreated check were estimated as measures of the effects of six treatments on FHB index (IND: mean percentage of diseased spikelets per spike) and DON. The evaluated treatments consisted of either Caramba (metconazole) applied early (at heading [CE]), at anthesis (CA), or late (5 to 7 days after anthesis; CL), or Prosaro (prothioconazole + tebuconazole) applied at the same three times and referred to as PE, PA, and PL, respectively. All treatments reduced mean IND and DON relative to the nontreated check, but the magnitude of the effect varied with timing and wheat type. CA and PA resulted in the highest [Formula: see text] values for IND, 52.2 and 51.5%, respectively, compared with 45.9% for CL, 41.3% for PL, and less than 33% for CE and PE. Anthesis and postanthesis treatments reduced mean IND by 14.9 to 29.7% relative to preanthesis treatments. The estimated effect size was also statistically significant for comparisons between CA and CL and PA and PL; CA reduced IND by 11.7% relative to CL, whereas PA reduced the disease by 17.4% relative to PL. Differences in efficacy against IND between pairs of prothioconazole + tebuconazole and metconazole treatments applied at the same timing (CE versus PE, CA versus PA, and CL versus PL) were not statistically significant. However, CA and CL outperformed PA and PL by 7 and 12.8%, respectively, in terms of efficacy against DON. All application programs had comparable efficacy against IND between spring and winter wheat types, but efficacy against DON was 10 to 16% greater for spring than winter wheat for applications made at or after anthesis. All programs led to an increase in mean grain yield and test weight relative to the nontreated check.
开花期通常被推荐为叶面杀菌剂的最佳生长阶段，以管理小麦赤霉病 (FHB) 和与镰刀菌相关的毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON)。然而，由于并非总是能够在开花期进行田间处理，因此进行了研究以评估春小麦和冬小麦在开花前和开花后的处理选择，以管理 FHB 和 DON。通过对 19 年杀菌剂试验的数据进行网络荟萃分析模型拟合，以[Formula: see text]的对数响应比和近似百分比控制[Formula: see text]（相对于未处理的对照）来估计六种处理对赤霉病指数 (IND：每穗受病小穗的平均百分比) 和 DON 的影响。所评估的处理包括在开花期 (CA)、开花期 (CE) 或开花后 5 至 7 天 (CL) 早期应用 Caramba（咪鲜胺），或分别在同一三个时间点应用 Prosaro（丙硫菌唑 + 戊唑醇），并分别称为 PE、PA 和 PL。所有处理均降低了与未处理对照相比的平均 IND 和 DON，但效应的大小随时间和小麦类型而异。CA 和 PA 导致 IND 的[Formula: see text]值最高，分别为 52.2%和 51.5%，而 CL 为 45.9%，PL 为 41.3%，CE 和 PE 低于 33%。与开花前处理相比，开花期和开花后处理将平均 IND 降低了 14.9%至 29.7%。CA 与 CL 和 PA 与 PL 之间的比较的估计效应大小也具有统计学意义；CA 使 IND 相对 CL 降低了 11.7%，而 PA 使 IND 降低了 17.4%。在同一时间施用的丙硫菌唑 + 戊唑醇和咪鲜胺处理之间对 IND 的疗效差异没有统计学意义（CE 与 PE、CA 与 PA 和 CL 与 PL）。然而，CA 和 CL 在 DON 方面的疗效分别比 PA 和 PL 高出 7%和 12.8%。所有应用方案在春小麦和冬小麦类型之间对 IND 均具有相当的疗效，但在开花期或之后应用时，春季小麦的 DON 防治效果比冬季小麦高 10%至 16%。所有方案均使平均谷物产量和容重相对于未处理对照增加。
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