Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691.
Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
Plant Dis. 2019 Feb;103(2):223-237. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-04-18-0565-RE. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Integrated Fusarium head blight (FHB) management programs consisting of different combinations of cultivar resistance class and an application of the fungicide prothioconazole + tebuconazole at or after 50% early anthesis were evaluated for efficacy against FHB incidence (INC; percentage of diseased spikes), index (IND; percentage of diseased spikelets per spike), Fusarium damaged kernel (FDK), deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin contamination, grain yield, and test weight (TW) in inoculated field trials conducted in 11 U.S. states in 2014 and 2015. Mean log response ratios and corresponding percent control values for INC, IND, FDK, and DON, and mean differences in yield and TW relative to a nontreated, inoculated susceptible check (S_CK), were estimated through network meta-analyses as measures of efficacy. Results from the analyses were then used to estimate the economic benefit of each management program for a range of grain prices and fungicide applications costs. Management programs consisting of a moderately resistant (MR) cultivar treated with the fungicide were the most efficacious, reducing INC by 60 to 69%, IND by 71 to 76%, FDK by 66 to 72%, and DON by 60 to 64% relative to S_CK, compared with 56 to 62% for INC, 68 to 72% for IND, 66 to 68% for FDK, and 58 to 61% for DON for programs with a moderately susceptible (MS) cultivar. The least efficacious programs were those with a fungicide application to a susceptible (S) cultivar, with less than a 45% reduction of INC, IND, FDK, or DON. All programs were more efficacious under conditions favorable for FHB compared with less favorable conditions, with applications made at 50% early anthesis being of comparable efficacy to those made 2 to 7 days later. Programs with an MS cultivar resulted in the highest mean yield increases relative to S_CK (541 to 753 kg/ha), followed by programs with an S cultivar (386 to 498 kg/ha) and programs with an MR cultivar (250 to 337 kg/ha). Integrated management programs with an MS or MR cultivar treated with the fungicide at or after 50% early anthesis were the most likely to result in a 50 or 75% control of IND, FDK, or DON in a future trial. At a fixed fungicide application cost, these programs were $4 to $319/MT more economically beneficial than corresponding fungicide-only programs, depending on the cultivar and grain price. These findings demonstrate the benefits of combining genetic resistance with a prothioconazole + tebuconazole treatment to manage FHB, even if that treatment is applied a few days after 50% early anthesis.
含有不同组合的品种抗性和在早花 50%时使用杀菌剂丙硫菌唑+戊唑醇的综合镰刀菌顶腐病（FHB）管理方案，在美国 11 个州的接种田间试验中对 FHB 发病率（INC；患病穗的百分比）、指数（IND；每穗患病小穗的百分比）、镰刀菌损伤的麦粒（FDK）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）毒素污染、谷物产量和测试重量（TW）进行了评估。2014 年和 2015 年。通过网络荟萃分析估算平均对数反应比和相应的控制百分比值，用于 INC、IND、FDK 和 DON，以及相对于未处理、接种敏感对照（S_CK）的产量和 TW 的平均差异，作为功效的衡量标准。然后，利用分析结果估算出一系列粮食价格和杀菌剂应用成本下，每种管理方案的经济效益。含有中抗（MR）品种并经杀菌剂处理的管理方案效果最佳，与 S_CK 相比，INC 降低 60%至 69%，IND 降低 71%至 76%，FDK 降低 66%至 72%，DON 降低 60%至 64%，而 INC 为 56%至 62%，IND 为 68%至 72%，FDK 为 66%至 68%，DON 为 58%至 61%。对中感（MS）品种应用杀菌剂的方案效果最差，INC、IND、FDK 或 DON 的降幅均低于 45%。与不利条件相比，在有利于 FHB 的条件下，所有方案的效果都更好，在早花 50%时进行应用与 2 至 7 天后进行应用效果相当。含有 MS 品种的方案相对于 S_CK （541 至 753 公斤/公顷）的平均产量增加最高，其次是含有 S 品种的方案（386 至 498 公斤/公顷）和含有 MR 品种的方案（250 至 337 公斤/公顷）。在早花 50%时含有 MS 或 MR 品种并使用杀菌剂进行管理的综合管理方案，最有可能在未来试验中达到 IND、FDK 或 DON 控制 50%或 75%的目标。在固定的杀菌剂应用成本下，这些方案比相应的仅使用杀菌剂的方案在经济上更有利，每公吨增加 4 至 319 美元，具体取决于品种和粮食价格。这些发现表明，即使在早花 50%后几天进行处理，将遗传抗性与丙硫菌唑+戊唑醇处理相结合来管理 FHB 具有好处。
