Department of Psychology.
Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh.
Dev Psychol. 2018 Dec;54(12):2341-2355. doi: 10.1037/dev0000600. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
Models of differential susceptibility hypothesize that neural function may be a marker of differential susceptibility to context, but no studies have tested this hypothesis. Using a sample of 310 young men from low-income urban neighborhoods, this study investigated amygdala reactivity to facial expressions as a moderator of the relations between socioeconomic resources and later antisocial behavior (AB) and income. For individuals with high amygdala reactivity, greater socioeconomic resources at age 20 predicted less AB and greater income at age 22. For young men with low amygdala reactivity, however, socioeconomic resources at age 20 did not predict later outcomes. Amygdala reactivity to fearful facial expressions, key to the etiology of AB, moderated links between resources and AB. In contrast, amygdala reactivity more generally to multiple facial expressions moderated the effects of resources on later income attainment. Both interactions met rigorous quantitative criteria for patterns of differential susceptibility rather than diathesis stress or vantage sensitivity. Moreover, these associations remained significant after inclusion of socioeconomic resources during earlier developmental periods. These results suggest that greater amygdala reactivity to facial expressions is a marker of greater susceptibility to context, for better or for worse, during the transition to adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
差异易感性模型假设，神经功能可能是对环境差异易感性的一个标志物，但尚无研究对此假说进行检验。本研究使用来自低收入城市社区的 310 名年轻男性的样本，调查了杏仁核对表情的反应作为社会经济资源与后期反社会行为（AB）和收入之间关系的调节因素。对于杏仁核反应性较高的个体，20 岁时的社会经济资源较多预示着 22 岁时的 AB 行为和收入较低。然而，对于杏仁核反应性较低的年轻男性，20 岁时的社会经济资源并不能预测后期的结果。对恐惧表情的杏仁核反应，是 AB 病因的关键，调节了资源与 AB 之间的联系。相比之下，杏仁核对多种表情的反应更普遍地调节了资源对后期收入的影响。这两种相互作用都符合差异易感性模式的严格定量标准，而不是素质应激或优势敏感。此外，在包括早期发育阶段的社会经济资源后，这些关联仍然显著。这些结果表明，在向成年期过渡期间，对表情的杏仁核反应越强，对环境的敏感性就越强，无论是好是坏。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2018 APA，保留所有权利）。
