Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Neuron. 2018 Oct 24;100(2):361-374. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.015.
Locomotion is regulated by distributed circuits and achieved by the concerted activation of body musculature. While the basic properties of executive circuits in the spinal cord are fairly well understood, the precise mechanisms by which the brain impacts locomotion are much less clear. This Review discusses recent work unraveling the cellular identity, connectivity, and function of supraspinal circuits. We focus on their involvement in the regulation of the different phases of locomotion and their interaction with spinal circuits. Dedicated neuronal populations in the brainstem carry locomotor instructions, including initiation, speed, and termination. To align locomotion with behavioral needs, brainstem output structures are recruited by midbrain and forebrain circuits that compute and infer volitional, innate, and context-dependent locomotor properties. We conclude that the emerging logic of supraspinal circuit organization helps to understand how locomotor programs from exploration to hunting and escape are regulated by the brain.
运动是由分布式电路调节的，通过身体肌肉的协同激活来实现。虽然脊髓中的执行电路的基本特性已经相当清楚，但大脑影响运动的精确机制却知之甚少。本综述讨论了最近揭示大脑上电路的细胞特征、连接和功能的工作。我们重点介绍它们在调节运动的不同阶段及其与脊髓电路相互作用中的作用。脑干中的特定神经元群体携带运动指令，包括启动、速度和终止。为了使运动与行为需求保持一致，中脑和前脑电路会募集脑干输出结构，这些电路计算和推断出运动的随意性、本能性和情境依赖性特征。我们的结论是，大脑上电路组织的新兴逻辑有助于理解大脑如何调节从探索到狩猎和逃避的运动程序。
