Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Dept of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Neuron. 2018 Oct 24;100(2):436-452. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.001.
How do our brains determine whether something is good or bad? How is this computational goal implemented in biological systems? Given the critical importance of valence processing for survival, the brain has evolved multiple strategies to solve this problem at different levels. The psychological concept of "emotional valence" is now beginning to find grounding in neuroscience. This review aims to bridge the gap between psychology and neuroscience on the topic of emotional valence processing. Here, I highlight a subset of studies that exemplify circuit motifs that repeatedly appear as implementational systems in valence processing. The motifs I identify as being important in valence processing include (1) Labeled Lines, (2) Divergent Paths, (3) Opposing Components, and (4) Neuromodulatory Gain. Importantly, the functionality of neural substrates in valence processing is dynamic, context-dependent, and changing across short and long timescales due to synaptic plasticity, competing mechanisms, and homeostatic need.
我们的大脑如何判断事物是好是坏？这种计算目标如何在生物系统中实现？鉴于价处理对生存至关重要，大脑已经进化出多种策略来在不同层面解决这个问题。“情绪价”的心理概念现在开始在神经科学中找到基础。本篇综述旨在弥合心理学和神经科学在情绪价处理主题上的差距。在这里，我强调了一组研究，这些研究例证了在价处理中反复出现的实施系统的回路模式。我认为在价处理中重要的模式包括 (1) 标记线、(2) 发散路径、(3) 对立成分和 (4) 神经调质增益。重要的是，由于突触可塑性、竞争机制和自身平衡的需要，价处理中神经基质的功能是动态的、上下文相关的，并在短时间和长时间尺度上发生变化。
