中国不同农村地区照料者心理健康对儿童早期发展的影响。
Effect of Caregiver's Mental Health on Early Childhood Development across Different Rural Communities in China.
机构信息
Center for Experimental Economics of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Oct 23;15(11):2341. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15112341.
Previous research has found that there are high rates of developmental delays among infants and toddlers in rural areas of China. Caregiver mental health problems might be one significant predictor of developmental delays among infants and toddlers, as has been found in other areas of the world. One way that the mental health of caregivers could affect early childhood development is through its effect on parenting practices. In this study, we used data from four major subpopulations of rural China to measure the correlation of caregiver mental health problems with the developmental outcomes of infants and toddlers. To do so, the study used the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID III) to examine the rates of developmental delays among 2514 rural infants/toddlers aged 6⁻30 months old. The results of the testing demonstrate that 48% of the sample's infants/toddlers have cognitive delays; 52% have language delays; 53% have social-emotional delays; and 30% have motor delays. The data collection team also assessed caregiver mental health by using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) questionnaire. According to the findings, 39% of caregivers in the sample have symptoms of at least one kind of mental health problem (depression, anxiety, or stress). We also found that most caregivers do not engage in positive parenting practices, while a significant share of caregivers engage in negative parenting practices. The statistical analysis found that showing signs of mental health problems is significantly and negatively associated with infant/toddler developmental outcomes. The study also found that caregivers who show signs of mental health problems are significantly less likely to engage in interactive parenting practices. The study confirms that society needs to pay more attention to caregiver mental health problems in order to improve infant/toddler developmental outcomes in rural China and increase human capital accumulation in China as a whole.
先前的研究发现，中国农村地区婴幼儿发育迟缓的发生率较高。正如在世界其他地区所发现的那样，照料者的心理健康问题可能是婴幼儿发育迟缓的一个重要预测因素。照料者的心理健康状况会通过对育儿行为的影响从而对儿童早期发展产生影响，这是其中一种方式。在这项研究中，我们使用了来自中国农村的四个主要亚人群的数据，来衡量照料者心理健康问题与婴幼儿发育结果之间的相关性。为此，该研究使用贝利婴幼儿发展量表第三版（BSID III）来检查 2514 名 6-30 月龄农村婴幼儿的发育迟缓率。测试结果表明，该样本中 48%的婴幼儿有认知发育迟缓；52%有语言发育迟缓；53%有社会情感发育迟缓；30%有运动发育迟缓。数据收集团队还使用抑郁、焦虑和压力量表（DASS-21）问卷评估了照料者的心理健康状况。根据研究结果，样本中 39%的照料者有至少一种心理健康问题（抑郁、焦虑或压力）的症状。我们还发现，大多数照料者没有采用积极的育儿行为，而相当一部分照料者采用了消极的育儿行为。统计分析发现，表现出心理健康问题的迹象与婴幼儿的发育结果显著负相关。该研究还发现，表现出心理健康问题的照料者参与互动式育儿行为的可能性显著降低。该研究证实，为了改善中国农村地区婴幼儿的发育结果，提高中国整体人力资本积累，社会需要更加关注照料者的心理健康问题。
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