Griffiths P D, Grundy J E
Biochem J. 1987 Jan 15;241(2):313-24. doi: 10.1042/bj2410313.
The application of modern biochemical techniques has led to a rapid improvement in our knowledge of the molecular biology of CMV. Several coding regions of the DNA genome have been identified with certainty and major virus-coded proteins have been given provisional names. The cascade expression of the CMV genome has been shown to be controlled by mechanisms similar to those found in other herpes viruses, together with novel post-transcriptional controls which remain to be defined. The control of CMV replication by the host involves both non-specific and specific defence mechanisms. The induction of natural killer cells and interferon early after CMV infection appears to be the most important aspects of the non-specific host defence against the virus. The cell-mediated immune response, in particular the generation of Tc cells against CMV early antigens, is probably the most important facet of the specific immune defence against CMV. When intact these defence mechanisms appear to be efficient in restricting viral replication; however, when such immunity is compromised, the balance rapidly swings in favour of the virus. As our understanding of the interaction between the host and the virus increases, it may be possible to redress the balance in such cases in favour of the host.
现代生化技术的应用使我们对巨细胞病毒（CMV）分子生物学的认识迅速提高。DNA基因组的几个编码区域已被明确鉴定，主要的病毒编码蛋白也已被赋予暂定名称。已证明CMV基因组的级联表达受与其他疱疹病毒中发现的机制类似的机制控制，同时还有待确定的新型转录后调控机制。宿主对CMV复制的控制涉及非特异性和特异性防御机制。CMV感染后早期自然杀伤细胞和干扰素的诱导似乎是宿主对该病毒非特异性防御的最重要方面。细胞介导的免疫反应，特别是针对CMV早期抗原的细胞毒性T细胞的产生，可能是针对CMV特异性免疫防御的最重要方面。当这些防御机制完整时，似乎能有效地限制病毒复制；然而，当这种免疫力受损时，平衡会迅速向有利于病毒的方向转变。随着我们对宿主与病毒之间相互作用的理解不断增加，在这种情况下有可能纠正平衡，使其有利于宿主。
