Jat H S, Datta Ashim, Sharma P C, Kumar Virender, Yadav A K, Choudhary Madhu, Choudhary Vishu, Gathala M K, Sharma D K, Jat M L, Yaduvanshi N P S, Singh Gurbachan, McDonald A
Sustainable Intensification Programme, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), New Delhi - 110012, India.
Division of Soil and Crop Management, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal - 132001, Haryana, India.
Arch Acker Pflanzenbau Bodenkd. 2017 Aug 23;64(4):531-545. doi: 10.1080/03650340.2017.1359415. eCollection 2018.
Soil quality degradation associated with resources scarcity is the major concern for the sustainability of conventional rice-wheat system in South Asia. Replacement of conventional management practices with conservation agriculture (CA) is required to improve soil quality. A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of CA on soil physical (bulk density, penetration resistance, infiltration) and chemical (N, P, K, S, micronutrients) properties after 4 years in North-West India. There were four scenarios (Sc) namely conventional rice-wheat cropping system (Sc1); partial CA-based rice-wheat-mungbean system (RWMS) (Sc2); CA-based RWMS (Sc3); and CA-based maize-wheat-mungbean (Sc4) system. Sc2 (1.52 Mg m) showed significantly lower soil bulk density (BD). In Sc3 and Sc4, soil penetration resistance (SPR) was reduced and infiltration was improved compared to Sc1. Soil organic C was significantly higher in Sc4 than Sc1. Available N was 33% and 68% higher at 0-15 cm depth in Sc3 and Sc4, respectively, than Sc1. DTPA extractable Zn and Mn were significantly higher under Sc3 and Sc4 compared to Sc1. Omission study showed 30% saving in N and 50% in K in wheat after four years. Therefore, CA improved soil properties and nutrient availability and have potential to reduce external fertilizer inputs in long run.
与资源稀缺相关的土壤质量退化是南亚传统稻麦系统可持续性的主要担忧。需要用保护性农业（CA）取代传统管理做法来改善土壤质量。在印度西北部进行了一项田间试验，以评估4年后保护性农业对土壤物理性质（容重、穿透阻力、入渗率）和化学性质（氮、磷、钾、硫、微量元素）的影响。试验设置了四种情景（Sc），即传统稻麦种植系统（Sc1）；基于部分保护性农业的稻麦绿豆系统（RWMS）（Sc2）；基于保护性农业的RWMS（Sc3）；以及基于保护性农业的玉米-小麦-绿豆（Sc4）系统。Sc2（1.52 Mg/m³）的土壤容重（BD）显著较低。与Sc1相比，Sc3和Sc4的土壤穿透阻力（SPR）降低，入渗率提高。Sc4的土壤有机碳含量显著高于Sc1。在0-15厘米深度处，Sc3和Sc4的有效氮含量分别比Sc1高33%和68%。与Sc1相比，Sc3和Sc4条件下DTPA可提取的锌和锰含量显著更高。缺失试验表明，四年后小麦的氮肥用量节省了30%，钾肥用量节省了50%。因此，保护性农业改善了土壤性质和养分有效性，从长远来看有减少外部肥料投入的潜力。
