Taylor John F, Vera Luisa M, De Santis Christian, Lock Erik-Jan, Espe Marit, Skjærven Kaja H, Leeming Daniel, Del Pozo Jorge, Mota-Velasco Jose, Migaud Herve, Hamre Kristin, Tocher Douglas R
Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2019 Jan;227:106-121. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.10.004. Epub 2018 Oct 24.
The effects of low marine ingredient diets supplemented with graded levels (L1, L2, L3) of a micronutrient package (NP) on growth and metabolic responses were studied in diploid and triploid salmon parr. Diploids fed L2 showed significantly improved growth and reduced liver, hepatic steatosis, and viscerosomatic indices, while fish fed L3 showed suppressed growth rate 14 weeks post feeding. In contrast, dietary NP level had no effect on triploid performance. Whole body mineral composition, with exception of copper, did not differ between diet or ploidy. Whole fish total AAs and N-metabolites showed no variation by diet or ploidy. Free circulating AAs and white muscle N-metabolites were higher in triploids than diploids, while branch-chained amino acids were higher in diploids than triploids. Diploids had higher whole body α-tocopherol and hepatic vitamins K and K than triploids. Increased tissue B-vitamins for niacin and whole-body folate with dietary NP supplementation were observed in diploids but not triploids, while whole body riboflavin was higher in diploids than triploids. Hepatic transcriptome profiles showed that diploids fed diet L2 was more similar to that observed in triploids fed diet L3. In particular, sterol biosynthesis pathways were down-regulated, whereas cytochrome P450 metabolism was up-regulated. One‑carbon metabolism was also affected by increasing levels of supplementation in both ploidies. Collectively, results suggested that, for optimised growth and liver function, micronutrient levels be supplemented above current National Research Council (2011) recommendations for Atlantic salmon when fed low marine ingredient diets. The study also suggested differences in nutritional requirements between ploidy.
在二倍体和三倍体鲑鱼幼鱼中研究了添加不同水平（L1、L2、L3）微量营养素包（NP）的低海洋成分日粮对生长和代谢反应的影响。饲喂L2日粮的二倍体生长显著改善，肝脏、肝脂肪变性和脏体指数降低，而饲喂L3日粮的鱼在投喂14周后生长速率受到抑制。相比之下，日粮NP水平对三倍体的性能没有影响。除铜外，日粮或倍性之间的鱼体矿物质组成没有差异。全鱼总氨基酸和氮代谢物在日粮或倍性之间没有变化。三倍体中游离循环氨基酸和白肌氮代谢物高于二倍体，而二倍体中支链氨基酸高于三倍体。二倍体的鱼体α-生育酚以及肝脏维生素K和K高于三倍体。在二倍体中观察到随着日粮中NP添加量增加，组织中烟酸和全鱼叶酸的B族维生素含量增加，但三倍体中未观察到，而二倍体的全鱼核黄素含量高于三倍体。肝脏转录组图谱显示，饲喂L2日粮的二倍体与饲喂L3日粮的三倍体更为相似。特别是，甾醇生物合成途径下调，而细胞色素P450代谢上调。一碳代谢也受到两个倍性中添加水平增加的影响。总体而言，结果表明，为了实现最佳生长和肝功能，在饲喂低海洋成分日粮时，微量营养素水平应高于美国国家研究委员会（2011年）对大西洋鲑鱼的当前建议水平。该研究还表明倍性之间的营养需求存在差异。
