UMR Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
UMR Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2019 Feb;30(1):107-116. doi: 10.1111/pai.12998. Epub 2019 Jan 9.
Breastmilk (BM) may participate in driving gut barrier function and immunity in the neonate. We analyzed immune and growth factor concentrations in early BM and their association with maternal/environmental characteristics and with food allergy (FA) in childhood.
One BM sample was collected in maternity from some mothers in the EDEN birth cohort (n = 2002 mother-child dyads). A random selection was performed among available samples (subcohort, n = 272), for which all deliveries were full-term, various maternal/environmental characteristics were recorded, and parents answered yearly the question "Has a medical doctor diagnosed a FA in your child?" (26 parent-reported FA cases). Only samples collected between day 2 and day 6 post-partum were considered for descriptive analysis (n = 263). Samples for all other FA cases available were added to the subcohort (46 additional cases; "casecohort" design). Fifty cytokines, antibodies, and growth factor concentrations were determined using multiplexed kits and analyzed using robust statistical procedures.
BM components exhibited wide concentration ranges and global day-to-day variation. Different clusters of correlated factors appeared, with components from the main cluster related to maternal diet during pregnancy. Primiparity was positively associated with eleven other components, whereas other factors (eg, maternal atopy and smoking) were related to fewer components. Finally, the casecohort design highlighted a positive association between CXCL10, TNFβ, and IL-2 concentrations and reported FA in childhood.
Beyond the unique description of early BM composition, we show that immune information transmitted to the neonate is related to various maternal factors and identified components associated with FA diagnosis in childhood.
母乳（BM）可能参与了新生儿肠道屏障功能和免疫的发育。我们分析了早期 BM 中的免疫和生长因子浓度，及其与母体/环境特征以及儿童期食物过敏（FA）的关系。
EDEN 出生队列中的一些母亲在分娩时收集了 1 份母乳样本（n=2002 对母婴对子）。从可用样本中进行了随机选择（亚组，n=272），其中所有分娩均为足月，记录了各种母体/环境特征，并且父母每年回答“医生是否诊断过你孩子的食物过敏？”（26 例父母报告的 FA 病例）。仅考虑产后第 2 至第 6 天采集的样本进行描述性分析（n=263）。将亚组中所有其他 FA 病例的样本添加到亚组中（46 例额外病例；病例亚组设计）。使用多重试剂盒测定了 50 种细胞因子、抗体和生长因子的浓度，并使用稳健的统计程序进行了分析。
BM 成分表现出广泛的浓度范围和整体日间变化。出现了不同的相关因素簇，主要簇的成分与孕妇怀孕期间的饮食有关。初产妇与其他 11 个成分呈正相关，而其他因素（例如，母体特应性和吸烟）与较少的成分相关。最后，病例亚组设计突出了 CXCL10、TNFβ 和 IL-2 浓度与儿童期报告的 FA 之间的正相关关系。
除了对早期 BM 成分的独特描述外，我们还表明，传递给新生儿的免疫信息与各种母体因素有关，并确定了与儿童期 FA 诊断相关的成分。
