Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, NY, 10003, USA.
Macromol Rapid Commun. 2019 Jan;40(1):e1800580. doi: 10.1002/marc.201800580. Epub 2018 Oct 15.
Spatial confinement of multiple catalysts presents an effective strategy for performing sequential or tandem chemical transformations in a one-pot reaction. These methods may be used to catalyze numerous reactions in conditions that are otherwise incompatible between catalyst and solvent, different catalysts, or reagents. Appropriate site isolation or support structure design will lead to significant advantages in atom economy, purification, and costs; the development of the interface between a catalyst and its confined microenvironment is paramount for realizing the next generation of nanoreactors. Polymer scaffolds can create tailor-made microenvironments resulting in catalyst compartmentalization. Through the optimization of a number of variables such as size, solubility, functionality, and morphology of the nanoreactor, catalyst activity and selectivity can be tuned. In this feature article, design principles and early strategies for polymer supports for catalyst site-isolation are introduced, and current strategies toward multicompartment polymer nanoreactors for non-orthogonal cascade catalysis are discussed. Future design trends in this burgeoning field are outlined in the conclusion.
多相催化剂的空间限域为在一锅反应中进行连续或串联化学转化提供了一种有效策略。这些方法可用于在催化剂和溶剂、不同催化剂或试剂之间不兼容的条件下催化许多反应。适当的位点隔离或支撑结构设计将在原子经济性、纯化和成本方面带来显著优势；催化剂与其受限微环境之间界面的发展对于实现下一代纳米反应器至关重要。聚合物支架可以创造定制的微环境，从而实现催化剂的分隔。通过优化纳米反应器的尺寸、溶解度、功能和形态等多个变量，可以调节催化剂的活性和选择性。在这篇专题文章中，介绍了用于催化剂位点隔离的聚合物载体的设计原则和早期策略，并讨论了用于非正交级联催化的多隔室聚合物纳米反应器的当前策略。在结论中概述了这个新兴领域未来的设计趋势。
