Gerberding J L, Bryant-LeBlanc C E, Nelson K, Moss A R, Osmond D, Chambers H F, Carlson J R, Drew W L, Levy J A, Sande M A
J Infect Dis. 1987 Jul;156(1):1-8. doi: 10.1093/infdis/156.1.1.
This prospective cohort study was designed to evaluate the risk of occupational transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) to health care workers with intensive exposure to HIV-infected patients. Seventy-five percent of the 270 subjects had been exposed to patients with AIDS and AIDS-related conditions (ARC) for at least one year before enrollment, 18% worked in specialized AIDS units, and 35% sustained a total of 342 accidental parenteral exposures to HIV-infected body fluids. At the time of enrollment, none had antibody to HIV, and none of the 175 subjects retested 10 months later had acquired antibody. No evidence of increased risk of acquiring CMV or HBV was obtained. These results indicate that health care workers are at minimal risk for HIV, CMV, and HBV transmission from occupational exposure to patients with AIDS or ARC, even when intensively exposed for prolonged periods of time.
这项前瞻性队列研究旨在评估在密集接触感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）患者的医护人员中，职业感染HIV、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和巨细胞病毒（CMV）的风险。270名受试者中有75%在入组前已接触艾滋病患者和艾滋病相关病症（ARC）至少一年，18%在专门的艾滋病科室工作，35%总共发生了342次意外经皮暴露于感染HIV的体液。入组时，无人感染HIV抗体，10个月后重新检测的175名受试者中也无人感染抗体。未发现感染CMV或HBV风险增加的证据。这些结果表明，即使长时间密集接触艾滋病或ARC患者，医护人员因职业暴露感染HIV、CMV和HBV的风险也极低。
