Hibberd P L
J Intraven Nurs. 1995 Mar-Apr;18(2):65-76.
The risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens in the health care environment is determined by three main factors: the nature and frequency of exposure to blood or body fluids, the risk of transmission of infection after a single exposure to the pathogen, and the prevalence of infected and susceptible patients and health care workers. In this article, all three parts of the risk equation are examined and brought into focus by addressing the risks and pathologic consequences of infection with four important blood-borne viruses--the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and the cytomegalovirus (CMV). The current approaches to management of occupational exposures to blood-borne pathogens and prospects for prevention are discussed.
接触血液或体液的性质和频率、单次接触病原体后感染传播的风险，以及受感染和易感患者及医护人员的患病率。在本文中，通过探讨感染四种重要血源病毒——人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和巨细胞病毒（CMV）的风险及病理后果，对风险等式的所有三个部分进行了研究并予以关注。本文还讨论了当前职业暴露于血源性病原体的管理方法及预防前景。
