1Centre for Community Child Health,Murdoch Children's Research Institute,Royal Children's Hospital,50 Flemington Road,Parkville, VIC 3052,Australia.
2Department of Paediatrics,Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne,50 Flemington Road,Parkville, VIC 3052,Australia.
Br J Nutr. 2019 Jan;121(2):212-220. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518003173. Epub 2018 Oct 30.
This study investigates how dietary patterns and scores are associated with subsequent BMI and waist:height ratio (WHtR), and how BMI and WHtR are associated with subsequent dietary patterns or scores, from 2-3 to 10-11 and 4-5 to 14-15 years of age. In the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, height, weight and waist circumference were measured biennially in children, yielding BMI z-score and WHtR. Parents, latterly children, reported frequency of child consumption of 12-16 food/drink items during the previous 24 h. At each wave, we empirically derived dietary patterns using factor analyses, and dietary scores based on the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines. We used structural-equation modelling to investigate cross-lagged associations (n 1972-2882) between diet and body composition measures in univariable and multivariable analyses. Dietary scores/patterns did not consistently predict WHtR and BMI z-score in the next wave, nor did BMI z-score and WHtR consistently predict diet in the next wave. The few associations seen were weak and often in the opposite direction to that hypothesised. The largest effect, associated with each standard deviation increase in BMI in wave 5 of the K cohort (age 12-13 years), was a 0·06 standard deviation estimated mean increase in dietary score (higher quality diet) in the subsequent wave (95 % CI 0·02, 0·11, P=0·003). Associations between dietary patterns/scores and body composition were not strongly evident in either direction. Better quantitative childhood dietary tools feasible for large-scale administration are needed to quantify how dietary patterns, energy intake and anthropometry co-develop.
本研究调查了饮食模式和评分与随后的 BMI 和腰围身高比（WHtR）之间的关联，以及 BMI 和 WHtR 与随后的饮食模式或评分之间的关联，从 2-3 岁到 10-11 岁和 4-5 岁到 14-15 岁。在澳大利亚儿童纵向研究中，每两年对儿童进行一次身高、体重和腰围测量，得出 BMI z 评分和 WHtR。父母（后来是孩子）报告了孩子在过去 24 小时内食用 12-16 种食物/饮料的频率。在每一波中，我们使用因子分析实证得出饮食模式，并根据 2013 年澳大利亚饮食指南得出饮食评分。我们使用结构方程模型在单变量和多变量分析中研究了饮食和身体成分测量之间的交叉滞后关联（n=1972-2882）。在接下来的一波中，饮食评分/模式并没有一致地预测 WHtR 和 BMI z 评分，反之亦然，BMI z 评分和 WHtR 也没有一致地预测下一波的饮食。很少有观察到的关联很弱，而且往往与假设的方向相反。最大的影响与 K 队列第 5 波（年龄 12-13 岁）BMI 每增加一个标准差有关，在随后的波中估计平均增加了 0.06 个标准差的饮食评分（更高质量的饮食）（95%CI 0.02，0.11，P=0.003）。饮食模式/评分与身体成分之间的关联在任何方向上都不明显。需要更精确的儿童饮食工具来量化饮食模式、能量摄入和人体测量学的共同发展，这些工具需要具有大规模管理的可行性。
