From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China (Suo, Lei, Li, Gong); the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK (Lei); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Dai, Wang, He); the Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhu); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (Kemp); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gong).
J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2018 Nov 1;43(6):427. doi: 10.1503/jpn.170214.
Brain connectome research based on graph theoretical analysis shows that small-world topological properties play an important role in the structural and functional alterations observed in patients with psychiatric disorders. However, the reported global topological alterations in small-world properties are controversial, are not consistently conceptualized according to agreed-upon criteria, and are not critically examined for consistent alterations in patients with each major psychiatric disorder.
Based on a comprehensive PubMed search, we systematically reviewed studies using noninvasive neuroimaging data and graph theoretical approaches for 6 major psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, we describe the main patterns of altered small-world properties and then systematically review the evidence for these alterations in the structural and functional connectome in patients with these disorders.
We selected 40 studies of schizophrenia, 33 studies of MDD, 5 studies of ADHD, 5 studies of BD, 7 studies of OCD and 5 studies of PTSD. The following 4 patterns of altered small-world properties are defined from theperspectives of segregation and integration: "regularization," "randomization," "stronger small-worldization" and "weaker small-worldization." Although more differences than similarities are noted in patients with these disorders, a prominent trend is the structural regularization versus functional randomization in patients with schizophrenia.
Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, preprocessing steps and analytical methods can produce contradictory results, increasing the difficulty of integrating results across different studies.
Four psychoradiological patterns of altered small-world properties are proposed. The analysis of altered smallworld properties may provide novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders from a connectomic perspective. In future connectome studies, the global network measures of both segregation and integration should be calculated to fully evaluate altered small-world properties in patients with a particular disease.
基于图论分析的脑连接组学研究表明，小世界拓扑性质在精神障碍患者的结构和功能改变中起着重要作用。然而，目前报道的小世界属性的全局拓扑改变存在争议，没有根据公认的标准进行一致的概念化，也没有对每种主要精神障碍患者的一致改变进行批判性检查。
我们通过全面的 PubMed 检索，系统地回顾了使用非侵入性神经影像学数据和图论方法的研究，这些研究涉及 6 种主要的精神障碍：精神分裂症、重性抑郁障碍（MDD）、注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）、双相情感障碍（BD）、强迫症（OCD）和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。在这里，我们描述了改变的小世界属性的主要模式，然后系统地回顾了这些障碍患者结构和功能连接组中这些改变的证据。
我们选择了 40 项精神分裂症研究、33 项 MDD 研究、5 项 ADHD 研究、5 项 BD 研究、7 项 OCD 研究和 5 项 PTSD 研究。从分域和整合的角度定义了以下 4 种改变的小世界属性模式：“规则化”、“随机化”、“更强的小世界化”和“更弱的小世界化”。尽管这些障碍患者之间的差异多于相似之处，但一个突出的趋势是精神分裂症患者的结构规则化与功能随机化。
人口统计学和临床特征、预处理步骤和分析方法的差异可能产生相互矛盾的结果，增加了整合不同研究结果的难度。
提出了改变的小世界属性的 4 种心理放射学模式。从小世界的角度分析改变的属性可以为精神障碍的病理生理机制提供新的见解。在未来的连接组学研究中，应该计算全局网络的分域和整合度量，以充分评估特定疾病患者的小世界属性改变。
