Stolbizer Federico, Roscher Daniel F, Andrada Maria M, Faes Lautaro, Arias Carla, Siragusa Cecilia, Prada Silvio, Saiegh Jonathan, Rodríguez Daniel, Gualtieri Ariel, Mendez Carlos F
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Cirugía y Traumatología Bucomaxilofacial II, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Servicio de Emergencias, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2018 Aug;31(2):117-121.
The aims of this work were: To determine what percentage of firsttime patients to the Dental Emergency Department at the School of Dentistry of Buenos Aires University had taken medications to relieve or treat their condition. To determine what percentage of these had used selfmedication, and which were the most frequently taken medicines. To determine whether there is an association between selfmedication and educational level, and between selfmedication and whether the patient has health coverage. This was an observational, crosssectional study which reviewed 567 clinical histories of patients who visited the Dental Emergency Department from March 2015 to September 2016. The following parameters were assessed: sex, age, reason for consultation, medication, dose, interval, duration and indication. Patients' educational level and whether they had health coverage were ascertained. Confidence intervals of 95% were calculated for percentages using the Wilson score method. Inferential analyses were performed using the Chisquare test (ᵪ2). Significance level was set at 5%. Eighty five percent (85%,.n=481) of the patients had taken at least one medication; 77% (n=372) had used selfmedication. The most frequently used medicines were nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (61%), antibiotics (34%) and glucocorticoids (2%). No association was found between selfmedication and patients' having health coverage (ᵪ2=13; p=0.08). No significant association was found between educational level and selfmedication (ᵪ2=10; p=0.22). Nevertheless, the lowest percentages of selfmedication were found in subjects with complete university studies (77%; CI95: 60% to 89%), while the highest percentages were found in subjects with incomplete primary education (89%; CI95: 69% to 97%), complete primary education (92%; CI95: 82% to 96%) and incomplete secondary educations (90%; CI95: 84% to 94%).High levels of selfmedication were found in the study population. Although no association was found between educational level and selfmedication behavior, the percentage of selfmedication was higher among patients with lower educational levels. The high level of selfmedication highlights the importance of conducting campaigns to raise awareness about the adequate use of medicines.
确定布宜诺斯艾利斯大学牙科学院牙科急诊科的初诊患者中，服用过药物以缓解或治疗其病情的患者比例。确定其中自我用药的患者比例，以及最常服用的药物。确定自我用药与教育水平之间，以及自我用药与患者是否有医保之间是否存在关联。这是一项观察性横断面研究，回顾了2015年3月至2016年9月期间到牙科急诊科就诊的567例患者的临床病历。评估了以下参数：性别、年龄、就诊原因、药物、剂量、间隔、持续时间和用药指征。确定了患者的教育水平以及他们是否有医保。使用威尔逊评分法计算百分比的95%置信区间。使用卡方检验（χ²）进行推断性分析。显著性水平设定为5%。85%（n = 481）的患者至少服用过一种药物；77%（n = 372）的患者使用过自我用药。最常使用的药物是非甾体抗炎药（61%）、抗生素（34%）和糖皮质激素（2%）。未发现自我用药与患者是否有医保之间存在关联（χ² = 1.3；p = 0.08）。未发现教育水平与自我用药之间存在显著关联（χ² = 1.0；p = 0.22）。然而，自我用药比例最低的是完成大学学业的受试者（77%；95%CI：60%至89%），而自我用药比例最高的是小学未毕业的受试者（89%；95%CI：69%至97%）、小学毕业的受试者（92%；95%CI：82%至96%）和初中未毕业的受试者（90%；95%CI：84%至94%）。研究人群中自我用药水平较高。虽然未发现教育水平与自我用药行为之间存在关联，但教育水平较低的患者自我用药比例较高。自我用药的高比例凸显了开展提高合理用药意识活动的重要性。
