Moise Kenny, Bernard Joseph Junior, Henrys Jean Hugues
Université Notre-Dame d'Haïti, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé 6, Rue Sapotille, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
Pan Afr Med J. 2017 Sep 4;28:4. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2017.28.4.12589. eCollection 2017.
In Haiti, where all drugs are available over the counter, self-medication with antibiotics appears as a common practice. Inappropriate use of beta-lactams and macrolides is likely to contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to (i) assess the extent of self-medication with antibiotics, (ii) explore the contributing factors (age, gender and educational background) and (iii) identify specific antibiotic drug classes used among patients attending the outpatient clinic of the State University Hospital of Port-au-Prince. A cross-sectional survey among 200 outpatients of the State University Hospital of Port-au-Prince was conducted in December 2014. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a standardized questionnaire. Parents of pediatric patients were allowed to answer to questions on their behalf. Among the study sample, 45.5% practiced self-medication with antibiotics. It was less prevalent among patients with the highest education level (23.1%; OR: 0.89 (0.5-1.75), p = 0.001). Mild symptoms (28.6%) and vaginal itching (44.4%) were the main reasons for self-medication with antibiotics. Self-medication using amoxicillin was reported by 67.0%. Self-medication with antibiotics is a common practice among Haitian patients and is more common among the less educated. Amoxicillin for urinary tract infections is the most commonly used medication. It is crucial to raise awareness on the dangers of the practice in the population and inforce the current law regarding the use of over the counter antibiotics.
在海地，所有药品都可在柜台购买，自行使用抗生素似乎是一种常见做法。β-内酰胺类和大环内酯类药物的不当使用可能会导致抗菌药物耐药性的产生。本研究旨在：（i）评估自行使用抗生素的程度；（ii）探究促成因素（年龄、性别和教育背景）；（iii）确定太子港国立大学医院门诊患者中使用的特定抗生素类别。2014年12月，对太子港国立大学医院的200名门诊患者进行了横断面调查。使用标准化问卷进行面对面访谈。儿科患者的家长可代其回答问题。在研究样本中，45.5%的人自行使用抗生素。在教育程度最高的患者中，这种情况不太普遍（23.1%；比值比：0.89（0.5 - 1.75），p = 0.001）。轻微症状（28.6%）和阴道瘙痒（44.4%）是自行使用抗生素的主要原因。据报告，67.0%的人自行使用阿莫西林。自行使用抗生素在海地患者中是一种常见做法，在受教育程度较低的人群中更为常见。用于治疗尿路感染的阿莫西林是最常用的药物。提高民众对这种做法危险性的认识并加强现行关于非处方抗生素使用的法律至关重要。
