Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur-10250 (AJK), Pakistan; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, PR China.
Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur-10250 (AJK), Pakistan.
Environ Res. 2019 Jan;168:382-388. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.020. Epub 2018 Sep 18.
Industrialization and urbanization have produced a large amount of wastewater. Part of the municipal wastewater has been used as an irrigation source in urban/suburban areas. Its utilization, although economically beneficial, can significantly deteriorate the integrity of the ecological systems (e.g., in terms of quality of soil and resulting food products). The objectives of this study are to investigate the spatial distribution and bio-accumulation of heavy metals (e.g., Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in food crops (and topsoil) and associated health risks of their consumption in the area of Mangla Dam, Pakistan. To this end, studies were conducted to assess the risk factors such as the bioconcentration factor (BCF), health risk index (HRI), and daily intake of heavy metals (DIM). Accordingly, there was more contamination in Mangla Dam water irrigated zone (DWI) than in the groundwater irrigated zone (GWI). Co exhibited the maximum BCF of 7.45 for Eruca sativa and 6.61 for Brassica campestris in the GWI zone. Likewise, enhanced risk to human health was seen from of Cd, Cr, and Pb in Triticum aestivum and Eruca sativa grown in the DWI zone. It is recommended that the quality profile of wastewater discharge into freshwater ecosystems should be continuously monitored and regulated.
工业化和城市化产生了大量的废水。部分城市污水已被用作城市/郊区的灌溉水源。尽管从经济角度来看，这种利用方式具有优势，但它会显著破坏生态系统的完整性（例如，土壤质量和由此产生的粮食产品）。本研究的目的是调查巴基斯坦曼格拉大坝地区粮食作物（和表土）中重金属（如 Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb 和 Zn）的空间分布和生物累积情况，以及食用这些重金属的健康风险。为此，开展了研究来评估生物浓缩系数（BCF）、健康风险指数（HRI）和重金属日摄入量（DIM）等风险因素。结果表明，曼格拉大坝水灌溉区（DWI）的污染程度高于地下水灌溉区（GWI）。在 GWI 区，Eruca sativa 和 Brassica campestris 中 Co 的 BCF 最高，分别为 7.45 和 6.61。同样，在 DWI 区种植的 Triticum aestivum 和 Eruca sativa 中，Cd、Cr 和 Pb 对人体健康的危害也有所增加。建议应持续监测和规范排入淡水生态系统的废水的质量状况。
