Begum Ayesha, Rabbane Md Golam, Moniruzzaman Mohammad, Hasan Md Rakibul, Chang Xuexiu
School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
Department of Applied Food Science and Nutrition, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Jan 29. doi: 10.1007/s12011-025-04524-1.
The detrimental effects of cadmium (Cd), a hazardous heavy metal, on fish have triggered global concerns. While the ecotoxicity of Cd on fish has been investigated, the impact of Cd on muscle quality and its correlation with the gut microbiota in fish remains scarce. To comprehensively uncover Cd effects based on preliminary muscle Cd deposition, relevant studies, and ecological Cd pollution data, we exposed Labeo rohita to Cd under concentrations of 0.00 (control), 0.05, and 0.40 mg/L for 30 days and assessed fish health, muscle quality, and intestinal bacterial diversity. We observed significant Cd bioaccumulation in the fish muscle and intestine at 0.40 mg/L treatment, adversely impacting fish health with lower growth indices, higher mortality, behavioral aberrations, and clinical anomalies. More interestingly, Cd exposure decreased muscle quality by reducing nutrient levels, including fat, protein, iron, zinc, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and increasing free amino acids and saturated fatty acids. Elevated oxidative stress markers, including total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and hydrogen peroxide (HO), were detected in the muscles, indicating degraded quality as a result of damage to cellular structures including proteins, lipids, and DNA. Simultaneously, we found Cd exposure altered fish intestinal microbial diversity, impairing muscle nutrient assimilation, thereby influencing muscle quality. Functional predictions suggested a decrease in pathways related to fermentation and chemoheterotrophy in the exposed groups. Overall, this study highlights how Cd toxicity jeopardizes fish health and deteriorates muscle quality which needs to be addressed for human benefit.
镉（Cd）作为一种有害重金属，对鱼类的有害影响已引发全球关注。虽然已对镉对鱼类的生态毒性进行了研究，但镉对鱼类肌肉品质的影响及其与肠道微生物群的相关性仍然缺乏。为了基于初步的肌肉镉沉积、相关研究和生态镉污染数据全面揭示镉的影响，我们将露斯塔野鲮暴露于浓度为0.00（对照）、0.05和0.40毫克/升的镉中30天，并评估鱼类健康、肌肉品质和肠道细菌多样性。我们观察到，在0.40毫克/升处理组中，鱼类肌肉和肠道中出现了显著的镉生物积累，对鱼类健康产生了不利影响，表现为生长指标降低、死亡率升高、行为异常和临床异常。更有趣的是，镉暴露通过降低包括脂肪、蛋白质、铁、锌、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸在内的营养水平，以及增加游离氨基酸和饱和脂肪酸，降低了肌肉品质。在肌肉中检测到氧化应激标志物升高，包括总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化氢（HO），这表明由于蛋白质、脂质和DNA等细胞结构受损，肌肉品质下降。同时，我们发现镉暴露改变了鱼类肠道微生物多样性，损害了肌肉营养物质的吸收，从而影响了肌肉品质。功能预测表明，暴露组中与发酵和化学异养相关的途径减少。总体而言，本研究强调了镉毒性如何危害鱼类健康并导致肌肉品质下降，为了人类利益，这一问题需要得到解决。
