Ohkoshi Shogo, Hirono Haruka, Nakahara Taka, Ishikawa Hiroshi
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, the Nippon Dental University, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
Department of Developmental and Regenerative Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, the Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku 102-8159, Japan.
World J Hepatol. 2018 Oct 27;10(10):702-707. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i10.702.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a source for regenerative medicine are now the subject of much clinical attention. There are high expectations due to their safety, low tumorigenic risk, and low ethical concerns. MSC therapy has been approved for acute graft-versus host diseases since 2015. Tooth-derived MSCs are known to have a great potential in their proliferation and differentiation capacities, even when compared with bone-marrow-derived MSCs. In particular, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are the best candidates for personal cell banking (dental pulp cell bank), because they can be obtained less invasively in the natural process of individual growth. SHEDs are known to differentiate into hepatocytes. There have been several studies showing the effectiveness of SHEDs on the treatment of liver failure in animal models. They may exert their effects either by repopulation of cells in injured liver or by paracrine mechanisms due to their immune-regulatory functions. Moreover, it may be possible to use each individuals' dental pulp cells as a future source of tailor-made differentiated hepatocytes in the context of a bioartificial liver or liver-on-a-chip to screen for drug toxicity.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）作为再生医学的一个来源，目前受到了临床的广泛关注。因其安全性、低致瘤风险和低伦理问题，人们对其寄予厚望。自2015年以来，MSC疗法已被批准用于治疗急性移植物抗宿主病。已知牙齿来源的间充质干细胞即使与骨髓来源的间充质干细胞相比，其增殖和分化能力也具有很大潜力。特别是，人脱落乳牙干细胞（SHEDs）是个人细胞库（牙髓细胞库）的最佳候选者，因为它们可以在个体自然生长过程中以微创方式获得。已知SHEDs可分化为肝细胞。有多项研究表明SHEDs在动物模型中治疗肝衰竭的有效性。它们可能通过在受损肝脏中重新填充细胞或由于其免疫调节功能通过旁分泌机制发挥作用。此外，在生物人工肝或芯片肝的背景下，有可能将个体的牙髓细胞用作未来定制分化肝细胞的来源，以筛选药物毒性。
