城乡成年人在身体活动和饮食模式方面的差异。

Differences in Physical Activity and Diet Patterns between Non-Rural and Rural Adults.

机构信息

Health & Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.

College of Nursing, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.

出版信息

Nutrients. 2018 Nov 1;10(11):1601. doi: 10.3390/nu10111601.

DOI:10.3390/nu10111601

PMID:30388741

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6267585/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

It is unclear how rural occupations and lifestyles may play a role in shaping physical activity and diet behaviors that contribute to the rural⁻urban obesity disparity.

METHODS

Data come from the prospective and observational South Dakota Rural Bone Health Study, which included adults aged 20⁻66 years in three groups: (1) non-rural non-Hutterite, (2) rural non-Hutterite, and (3) rural Hutterite. Physical activity data were collected using 7-day physical activity questionnaires, and hours per day in physical activity categories are reported. Diet data were collected using food frequency questionnaires, and food group servings per day (svg/day) are reported. Mixed models were generated to determine group differences in physical activity and diet outcomes, and marginal group means are presented.

RESULTS

Among females, both rural groups spent more time in moderate activity (4.8 ± 0.13 h/day and 4.7 ± 0.09 h/day vs. 3.5 ± 0.11 h/day, both < 0.001) and vigorous activity (0.58 ± 0.03 h/day and 0.53 ± 0.02 h/day vs. 0.43 ± 0.03 h/day, both < 0.01) and less time sitting (4.4 ± 0.13 h/day and 4.3 ± 0.09 h/day vs. 5.0 ± 0.11 h/day, both < 0.001) on weekdays than non-rural groups. Hutterite females spent fewer hours in moderate activity (2.6 ± 0.08 h/day vs. 4.5 ± 0.11 h/day, < 0.001) and vigorous activity (0.18 ± 0.02 h/day vs. 0.46 ± 0.02 h/day, < 0.001) on weekend days compared to rural females. Hutterite females consumed more fruits (2.2 ± 0.06 svg/day vs. 1.7 ± 0.10 svg/day, < 0.001) and vegetables (3.6 ± 0.08 svg/day vs. 2.7 ± 0.12 svg/day, < 0.001) than rural females. Among males, both rural groups spent more time in moderate activity (4.9 ± 0.13 h/day and 6.1 ± 0.12 h/day vs. 3.0 ± 0.16 h/day, both < 0.001) and less time sitting (4.1 ± 0.13 h/day and 3.4 ± 0.12 h/day vs. 6.0 ± 0.15 h/day, both < 0.001) on weekdays compared to non-rural groups. Hutterite males spent less time in moderate activity (2.1 ± 0.10 h/day vs. 4.1 ± 0.11 h/day, < 0.001) and vigorous activity (0.15 ± 0.04 h/day vs. 0.74 ± 0.04 h/day, < 0.001) on weekend days compared to rural males. Hutterite males consumed more vegetables (3.0 ± 0.10 svg/day vs. 2.0 ± 0.11 svg/day, < 0.001) than rural males.

CONCLUSIONS

A rural occupation and lifestyle appear to contribute to differences in physical activity, while traditional rural lifestyle practices contribute to differences in diet.

摘要

背景

目前尚不清楚农村职业和生活方式如何影响塑造导致城乡肥胖差异的体力活动和饮食行为。

方法

数据来自前瞻性和观察性的南达科他农村骨骼健康研究，该研究包括三组年龄在 20-66 岁的成年人：（1）非农村非哈特派，（2）农村非哈特派，和（3）农村哈特派。使用 7 天体力活动问卷收集体力活动数据，报告每天在体力活动类别的时间。使用食物频率问卷收集饮食数据，报告每天的食物组份数（svg/day）。生成混合模型以确定群体在体力活动和饮食结果方面的差异，并呈现边缘群体均值。

结果

在女性中，两个农村群体在工作日花费更多时间进行中等强度活动（4.8 ± 0.13 h/day 和 4.7 ± 0.09 h/day 与 3.5 ± 0.11 h/day，均 < 0.001）和剧烈活动（0.58 ± 0.03 h/day 和 0.53 ± 0.02 h/day 与 0.43 ± 0.03 h/day，均 < 0.01），而在工作日花费更少的时间坐着（4.4 ± 0.13 h/day 和 4.3 ± 0.09 h/day 与 5.0 ± 0.11 h/day，均 < 0.001）比非农村群体。哈特派女性在周末花费较少的时间进行中等强度活动（2.6 ± 0.08 h/day 与 4.5 ± 0.11 h/day， < 0.001）和剧烈活动（0.18 ± 0.02 h/day 与 0.46 ± 0.02 h/day， < 0.001）比农村女性。哈特派女性比农村女性摄入更多的水果（2.2 ± 0.06 svg/day 与 1.7 ± 0.10 svg/day， < 0.001）和蔬菜（3.6 ± 0.08 svg/day 与 2.7 ± 0.12 svg/day， < 0.001）。在男性中，两个农村群体在工作日花费更多时间进行中等强度活动（4.9 ± 0.13 h/day 和 6.1 ± 0.12 h/day 与 3.0 ± 0.16 h/day，均 < 0.001）和更少的时间坐着（4.1 ± 0.13 h/day 和 3.4 ± 0.12 h/day 与 6.0 ± 0.15 h/day，均 < 0.001）比非农村群体。哈特派男性在周末花费较少的时间进行中等强度活动（2.1 ± 0.10 h/day 与 4.1 ± 0.11 h/day， < 0.001）和剧烈活动（0.15 ± 0.04 h/day 与 0.74 ± 0.04 h/day， < 0.001）比农村男性。哈特派男性比农村男性摄入更多的蔬菜（3.0 ± 0.10 svg/day 与 2.0 ± 0.11 svg/day， < 0.001）。