Hyland-Monks Robert, Cronin Lorcan, McNaughton Lars, Marchant David
Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom.
Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom.
Prog Brain Res. 2018;240:353-370. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.09.011. Epub 2018 Oct 17.
Research has outlined how self-regulation is crucial to the decision-making processes and pacing of endurance performance. There is evidence to suggest that executive function is implicated in self-regulatory processes, as the two are conceptually similar and share common brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex. This review draws upon various research domains to argue that executive function underlies the top-down self-regulation of endurance tasks. Indeed, executive functioning capacity may explain differences in endurance performances. Although contentious, there is evidence to suggest a hypofrontality effect during endurance exercise. Furthermore, research has highlighted that psychological interventions, the training of executive functions, and transcranial direct stimulation can induce prefrontal cortex changes and "boost" executive functioning, ultimately enhancing the self-regulation of endurance performance. Future directions for research are proposed with the aim of stimulating investigations that will further elucidate the importance of executive functioning and self-regulation to endurance performance.
研究已经概述了自我调节对于耐力表现的决策过程和节奏是如何至关重要的。有证据表明，执行功能与自我调节过程有关，因为二者在概念上相似且共享诸如前额叶皮层等共同的脑区。本综述借鉴了多个研究领域的成果，认为执行功能是耐力任务自上而下自我调节的基础。事实上，执行功能能力可能解释耐力表现的差异。尽管存在争议，但有证据表明耐力运动期间存在前额叶功能低下效应。此外，研究强调心理干预、执行功能训练和经颅直流电刺激可以引起前额叶皮层变化并“增强”执行功能，最终提高耐力表现的自我调节能力。本文还提出了未来的研究方向，旨在激发进一步阐明执行功能和自我调节对耐力表现重要性的研究。
