Department of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 2;20(3):2670. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032670.
Exploring pacing behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in competition will help to better understand the impact of cognition and social environment in sports, providing support for the shaping of proper inclusive sports environments. The present experimental study aimed to (1) compare the pacing behaviour and performance between people with and without ID who are inexperienced in cycling and (2) investigate how these are influenced by an opponent. Participants with ( = 8) and without ID ( = 10) performed two randomised 4-km maximal cycling trials, alone and against an opponent. Non-parametric tests for repeated measures data ( ≤ 0.05) revealed that people with ID cycled slower, but with higher inter-individual variation (both conditions) and paced themselves differently compared to people without ID when competing against an opponent. In contrast to the previous literature in athletes without ID, the presence of a faster opponent resulted in a decrease in the performance in the participants with ID. The negative influence of the opponent highlights the potential difficulties people with ID experience to adequately use their opponents to enhance their self-regulatory processes and optimize their pacing and performance in maximal exercise trials. Coaches who want to offer inclusive sports environments for people with ID could take these findings into consideration.
探索智力障碍（ID）人群在竞赛中的配速行为有助于更好地理解认知和社会环境对运动的影响，为塑造适当的包容性运动环境提供支持。本实验研究旨在：（1）比较无经验自行车运动的 ID 患者和非 ID 患者的配速行为和表现；（2）研究这些行为如何受到对手的影响。8 名 ID 患者和 10 名非 ID 患者分别进行了两次随机的 4 公里最大骑行试验，单独骑行和与对手骑行。针对重复测量数据的非参数检验（≤0.05）显示，与非 ID 患者相比，ID 患者的骑行速度较慢，但个体间的差异较大（两种情况下），并且在与对手竞争时，他们的自我调整方式不同。与无 ID 运动员之前的文献不同，更快的对手的存在导致 ID 患者的表现下降。对手的负面影响突显了 ID 患者在充分利用对手来增强自我调节过程并优化最大运动试验中的配速和表现方面可能遇到的困难。希望为 ID 患者提供包容性运动环境的教练可以考虑到这些发现。
