加纳库马西一家医院的献血者中疟原虫血症的流行情况，以及对卫生工作者中疟疾输血知识、态度和做法的调查。
Prevalence of Plasmodium parasitaemia in blood donors and a survey of the knowledge, attitude and practices of transfusion malaria among health workers in a hospital in Kumasi, Ghana.
机构信息
Medical Laboratory Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2018 Nov 5;13(11):e0206303. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206303. eCollection 2018.
Malaria is one of the transfusion transmissible infections in malaria endemic countries such as Ghana. Healthy blood donors may harbour Plasmodium parasites without showing signs of malaria. Blood from such donors constitutes a risk to transfusion recipients and the recipients of this blood may go on to develop transfusion transmitted malaria (TTM). In many malaria endemic countries, blood donors are not screened for Plasmodium parasites. We investigated the prevalence of Plasmodium in blood donors in a hospital in Ghana as well as evaluate health workers knowledge, attitude and practices towards TTM. The study was carried out at the Kwadaso Seventh Day Adventist Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana from September 2016 to May 2017. Blood samples from 100 blood donors and 100 non-donors were examined for Plasmodium using microscopy and a rapid diagnostic test (RDT). In addition the blood groups of participants were determined. To obtain information concerning knowledge, attitude and practices of transfusion transmitted malaria, questionnaires were administered to 100 health workers including doctors, nurses and laboratory technicians. The prevalence rate of Plasmodium parasitaemia in blood donors by RDT and microscopy was 8% and 3% respectively, compared to non-donors who had a prevalence of 5% and 2% by RDT and microscopy respectively. Out of 100 health workers surveyed, 26% (26/100) had never heard of transfusion transmitted malaria. In an emergency situation, 41% health workers were willing to transfuse malaria positive blood but only 2%, 4% and 8% were willing to transfuse blood that was positive for HIV, Hepatitis B and Syphilis respectively. Regular training workshops may help improve the knowledge of health workers as a quarter of workers had not heard about transfusion transmitted malaria and 6.8% did not know that malaria was transmissible by transfusion.
疟疾是加纳等疟疾流行国家的输血传播感染之一。健康献血者可能携带疟原虫而没有出现疟疾症状。来自这些献血者的血液对输血接受者构成风险，这些接受者可能会发展为输血传播疟疾（TTM）。在许多疟疾流行国家，献血者不进行疟原虫筛查。我们调查了加纳一家医院献血者中疟原虫的流行情况，并评估了卫生工作者对 TTM 的知识、态度和做法。这项研究于 2016 年 9 月至 2017 年 5 月在加纳库马西的 Kwadaso 第七天 Adventist 医院进行。使用显微镜和快速诊断检测（RDT）检查了 100 名献血者和 100 名非献血者的血液样本是否存在疟原虫。此外，还确定了参与者的血型。为了获取有关输血传播疟疾的知识、态度和实践的信息，向 100 名卫生工作者（包括医生、护士和实验室技术员）发放了问卷。通过 RDT 和显微镜，献血者疟原虫血症的患病率分别为 8%和 3%，而非献血者的患病率分别为 5%和 2%。在接受调查的 100 名卫生工作者中，有 26%（26/100）从未听说过输血传播疟疾。在紧急情况下，41%的卫生工作者愿意输注疟原虫阳性血液，但只有 2%、4%和 8%愿意输注 HIV、乙型肝炎和梅毒阳性的血液。定期培训研讨会可能有助于提高卫生工作者的知识，因为四分之一的工作人员没有听说过输血传播疟疾，而 6.8%的人不知道疟疾可以通过输血传播。
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