Bujan Rivera Janina, Klug Stefanie J
Lehrstuhl für Epidemiologie, Fakultät für Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Technische Universität München, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, 80992, München, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2018 Dec;61(12):1528-1535. doi: 10.1007/s00103-018-2835-7.
Cytological examination for the early detection of cervical cancer (CCS) has been available in Germany since 1971. Women over the age of 20 are entitled to a Pap smear every year; however, thus far an organized screening program and personal invitations have been missing.The incidence rate of cervical carcinoma declined dramatically in the decades following the introduction of CCS, but the incidence rate has stagnated in recent years. The cause of cervical cancer is a persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV tests have been approved by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for CCS for several years. Furthermore, since 2006, the HPV vaccination has been offered as a form of primary prevention.As part of the German National Cancer Plan, the European Guideline for Cervical Cancer Screening was implemented and adopted into the 2013 Law on Cancer Screening and Registration. The Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) was commissioned with the implementation of an organized cervical cancer screening program.In April 2018, the G‑BA published updated key points for the implementation of an organized nationwide screening program in Germany. While annual cytological screening for women between the ages of 20 and 34 will continue, women over the age of 34 years will be given a co-test comprising a Pap smear and an HPV test, every three years. Women between the ages of 20 and 60 will be contacted by their health insurance provider every five years and receive an information leaflet. After a test phase of at least six years, the new program will be evaluated.
自1971年起，德国就开展了用于早期检测宫颈癌的细胞学检查（CCS）。20岁以上的女性有权每年进行一次巴氏涂片检查；然而，迄今为止，一直缺乏有组织的筛查计划和个人邀请。在引入CCS后的几十年里，宫颈癌的发病率大幅下降，但近年来发病率一直停滞不前。宫颈癌的病因是持续感染高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）。HPV检测已被美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于CCS多年。此外，自2006年以来，HPV疫苗接种已作为一级预防措施提供。作为德国国家癌症计划的一部分，欧洲宫颈癌筛查指南得以实施并纳入2013年的《癌症筛查与登记法》。联邦联合委员会（G-BA）受委托实施一项有组织的宫颈癌筛查计划。2018年4月，G-BA发布了在德国实施全国性有组织筛查计划的最新要点。20至34岁的女性将继续每年进行细胞学筛查，34岁以上的女性将每三年接受一次包括巴氏涂片和HPV检测的联合检测。20至60岁的女性将每五年收到其健康保险提供商的联系并获得一份信息传单。经过至少六年的测试阶段后，将对新计划进行评估。
