Heinrich J, Brüske I, Cramer C, Hoffmann U, Schnappinger M, Schaaf B, von Berg A, Berdel D, Krämer U, Lehmann I, Herbarth O, Borte M, Grübl A, Bauer C P, Beckmann C, Behrendt H, Ring J, Koletzko S
Institut für Epidemiologie I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Neuherberg.
Leibniz-Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF), Düsseldorf.
Allergol Select. 2017 Aug 4;1(1):85-95. doi: 10.5414/ALX01455E. eCollection 2017.
The increasing prevalence of asthma, hay fever, and allergic sensitization in Western Germany after east-west division in 1949 and their rapid increase in East German children after re-unification in 1990 are strong indications for the role of life-style and/or environmental factors in the development of atopic diseases. Obviously, the perinatal period is crucial for priming the immune system. Therefore, explorations of determinants of atopic diseases need pregnancy or birth cohorts as the most appropriate epidemiological study designs. This review presents the design and selected results of the two German birth cohorts GINIplus and LISAplus. GINIplus and LISAplus recruited 5.991 and 3.097 healthy, term newborns, respectively, from Munich, Wesel, Leipzig, and Bad Honnef. Approximately 55% could be followed for the first 10 years. We analyzed the natural course of atopic diseases and the role of life-style, environmental, and genetic factors for disease onset, intermediate phenotypes, and genes involved in detoxification and oxidative stress. The results of these two large birth cohorts contributed substantially to the understanding of atopic diseases and their determinants.
1949年东西德分裂后，德国西部哮喘、花粉热和过敏致敏的患病率不断上升，1990年两德统一后，东德儿童的患病率迅速增加，这有力地表明生活方式和/或环境因素在特应性疾病发展中所起的作用。显然，围产期对于启动免疫系统至关重要。因此，探索特应性疾病的决定因素需要以妊娠或出生队列作为最合适的流行病学研究设计。本综述介绍了德国两个出生队列GINIplus和LISAplus的设计及部分研究结果。GINIplus和LISAplus分别从慕尼黑、韦塞尔、莱比锡和巴特洪内夫招募了5991名和3097名健康足月儿。大约55%的儿童在出生后的头10年得到了跟踪随访。我们分析了特应性疾病的自然病程，以及生活方式、环境和遗传因素在疾病发病、中间表型以及参与解毒和氧化应激的基因方面所起的作用。这两个大型出生队列的研究结果对理解特应性疾病及其决定因素有很大帮助。
