Curcoy Barcenilla Ana I, Trenchs Sainz de la Maza Victoria, Herrero Fernández Julia, Hernández García María, Torrús López Isabel, Pou Fernández Jordi, Luaces Cubells Carles
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Esplugues de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
Servicio de Urgencias de Pediatría. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona. Esplugues de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2018 Nov 14;92:e201811078.
Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of child morbidity and mortality, Emergency Services can be a good place to influence their prevention, guiding and anticipating risk situations. The objective of this work was to determine the knowledge and attitude of parents-caregivers of children from one to four years old about child safety. We evaluate if there are differences according the consultation was for unintentional injury or not.
Study of cross-sectional surveys performed in an Emergency Health Service during 44 days randomly chosen between two periods (10 / 2015 - 01 / 2016 and 10 / 2016 - 01 / 2017). The parents-caregivers of children between one and four years old were surveyed. For each child with unintentional injury (GROUP1) two other children were included with another reason of consultation (GROUP2). The Framingham Security Survey was used. It was considered that the knowledge and attitude of the parents-caregivers was adequate if the proportion of correct answers was ≥75%. The data was analyzed with the statistical program SPSS v 22.0 for Windows.
499 parents-caregivers responded to the survey; 170 belonged to GROUP1 and 329 belonged to GROUP2. The median of correct answers was 27/39 (69.2%) in both groups. The variables where more incorrect answers were detected were: lack of security in front of a fire (409, 82%) and absence of window bars (402, 80.6%). Forty-five (26.5%) parents-caregivers of GROUP1 and 94 (28.6%) of GROUP2 answered correctly≥75% of the questions (p = 0.620); According to the age of children, 34.8% of parents- caregivers of children aged one year, 26.9% of the one aged two years, 26.8% of the ones aged three years and 17.9% of the ones aged four years (p = 0.007) answered correctly the questions.
The knowledge of families to prevent unintentional injuries was low, whether or not it was the reason for consultation. A relaxation in the security measures was detected when increasing the autonomy of the children.
意外伤害是儿童发病和死亡的主要原因，急救服务机构可能是影响预防措施、指导和预测风险情况的理想场所。本研究旨在确定1至4岁儿童的家长-照料者对儿童安全的认知和态度。我们评估根据咨询是否因意外伤害而有所不同。
在两个时间段（2015年10月至2016年1月和2016年10月至2017年1月）随机选取44天，在一家急救服务机构进行横断面调查研究。对1至4岁儿童的家长-照料者进行调查。对于每一名因意外伤害前来就诊的儿童（第1组），另外选取两名因其他就诊原因前来的儿童（第2组）。采用弗雷明汉安全调查问卷。如果正确答案的比例≥75%，则认为家长-照料者的认知和态度良好。使用Windows版统计软件SPSS v 22.0对数据进行分析。
499名家长-照料者回复了调查问卷；170名属于第1组，329名属于第2组。两组正确答案的中位数均为27/39（69.2%）。发现错误答案较多的变量有：火灾面前缺乏安全措施（409人，82%）和没有安装窗栏（402人，80.6%）。第1组中有45名（26.5%）家长-照料者，第2组中有94名（28.6%）家长-照料者正确回答了≥75%的问题（p = 0.620）；根据儿童年龄，1岁儿童的家长-照料者中有34.8%、2岁儿童的家长-照料者中有26.9%、3岁儿童的家长-照料者中有26.8%、4岁儿童的家长-照料者中有17.9%（p = 0.007）正确回答了问题。
无论是否因意外伤害前来咨询，家庭预防意外伤害的知识水平都较低。随着儿童自主性的增强，安全措施有所放松。
