Young Susanne Yvette, Kidd Martin, van Hoof Jacques J M, Seedat Soraya
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Centre for Statistical Consultation, Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Front Psychol. 2018 Oct 22;9:1945. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01945. eCollection 2018.
Individuals with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) often have cognitive deficits in multiple domains, including motor timing deficits, with recovery times of up to 1 year. Cognitive deficits influence treatment outcomes and abstinence. To our knowledge, timing deficits have not been investigated with regard to treatment outcome and relapse. This prospective study tested the prognostic value of motor timing in SUD with regard to treatment outcome. The study sample consisted of 74 abstinent in-patients at a private treatment programme for drug/alcohol dependence at the Momentum Mental Healthcare clinic in Somerset West, South Africa, diagnosed with alcohol and/or cocaine dependence. Participants were tested at three points: (i) Within 72 hours of the start of the treatment programme (ii) after completion of the treatment programme at 8 weeks (measure of treatment response) through filling out self-report questionnaires and experimental motor task testing, and (iii) a third visit followed through a telephonic interview at 12-months (measure of relapse). Motor timing alone predicted 27 percent of the variance in alcohol self-efficacy score change, and 25 percent variance in cocaine self-efficacy change scores at treatment completion. Specifically, spatial errors, synchronization errors and inter- response interval errors of a spatial tapping task at baseline predicted self-efficacy in alcohol self-efficacy. Cocaine self-efficacy was predicted by spatial errors and contact times of a spatial tapping task at very high tempi (300 ms) only. The high rate of dropout at 12 months post-treatment did not allow for further analysis of the prognostic value of motor timing on relapse. The results of this investigation show us that motor timing holds prognostic value with regard to treatment outcomes. Motor timing predictors for relapse require further investigation going forward.
患有物质使用障碍（SUD）的个体通常在多个领域存在认知缺陷，包括运动定时缺陷，恢复时间长达1年。认知缺陷会影响治疗效果和戒酒情况。据我们所知，尚未针对治疗效果和复发情况对定时缺陷进行研究。这项前瞻性研究测试了SUD中运动定时对治疗效果的预后价值。研究样本包括南非萨默塞特韦斯特的动量精神保健诊所一家私立药物/酒精依赖治疗项目中的74名戒酒住院患者，他们被诊断为酒精和/或可卡因依赖。参与者在三个时间点接受测试：（i）治疗项目开始后的72小时内；（ii）在8周治疗项目结束后（通过填写自我报告问卷和进行实验性运动任务测试来衡量治疗反应）；以及（iii）在12个月时通过电话访谈进行第三次随访（衡量复发情况）。仅运动定时就预测了治疗完成时酒精自我效能感得分变化中27%的方差，以及可卡因自我效能感变化得分中25%的方差。具体而言，基线时空间敲击任务的空间误差、同步误差和反应间期误差预测了酒精自我效能感。仅在非常高的节奏（3毫秒）下，空间敲击任务的空间误差和接触时间预测了可卡因自我效能感。治疗后12个月的高失访率使得无法进一步分析运动定时对复发的预后价值。这项调查结果向我们表明，运动定时对治疗效果具有预后价值。复发的运动定时预测因素有待进一步研究。
