Starker Anne, Buttmann-Schweiger Nina, Krause Laura, Barnes Benjamin, Kraywinkel Klaus, Holmberg Christine
Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland.
Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2018 Dec;61(12):1491-1499. doi: 10.1007/s00103-018-2842-8.
In Germany, approximately 227,000 women and 249,000 men developed cancer in 2014, and nearly 223,000 patients died from the disease that year. Many cancers are curable or have a very good prognosis when they are diagnosed at an early stage. This is where the concept of early detection examinations comes into play.This article describes the current conditions of and participation in examinations for the early detection of cervical, breast, skin, prostate, and colon cancer as provided by Germany's statutory health services. Participation was derived from claims data from the statutory health insurance system as well as from Germany's mammography screening program (MSP). The survey "German Health Update" (GEDA 2014/2015-EHIS) served as an additional data source. According to the claims data and considering the intended intervals, participation quotas among insured persons who are entitled to participate lie between 16% (colonoscopy) and 48% (Pap test). In 2015, 51.5% of invited women participated in the MSP. The results according to self-reports of the GEDA survey lie in part substantially higher. The results according to the claims data, the MSP, as well as the self-reports suggest that a large part of the population utilizes the examinations. Colon and cervical cancer examinations will be expanded as organized and quality-assured early detection programs with regular invitations and information on benefits and risks. These efforts should contribute to reaching eligible people who have thus far not participated.
2014年，德国约有22.7万名女性和24.9万名男性患癌，当年近22.3万名患者死于癌症。许多癌症若在早期被诊断出来是可治愈的，或者预后非常好。早期检测检查的概念便由此而来。本文介绍了德国法定医疗服务所提供的宫颈癌、乳腺癌、皮肤癌、前列腺癌和结肠癌早期检测检查的现状及参与情况。参与情况源自法定医疗保险系统的理赔数据以及德国的乳腺X线筛查项目（MSP）。“德国健康更新”调查（GEDA 2014/2015-EHIS）作为额外的数据源。根据理赔数据并考虑预期间隔，有权参与的被保险人的参与率在16%（结肠镜检查）至48%（巴氏试验）之间。2015年，51.5%受邀女性参与了MSP。根据GEDA调查的自我报告得出的结果部分要高得多。根据理赔数据、MSP以及自我报告得出的结果表明，很大一部分人口利用了这些检查。结肠癌和宫颈癌检查将作为有组织、质量有保证的早期检测项目扩大开展，定期发出邀请并提供有关益处和风险的信息。这些努力应有助于覆盖到迄今尚未参与的符合条件的人群。
