Klug Stefanie J, Hetzer Melanie, Blettner Maria
Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Hospital, University of Mainz, 55101 Mainz, Germany.
Eur J Public Health. 2005 Feb;15(1):70-7. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cki118.
Few data exist on attendance for cervical and breast cancer screening, breast self-examination and knowledge about risk factors for cervical cancer among German women. A population-based survey was performed in the city of Bielefeld in Germany.
A questionnaire was mailed to 1500 randomly selected women age 25 to 75. Of those, 540 questionnaires were returned and 532 were analysed.
Women participating in the survey considered themselves well informed about possibilities for early detection of breast cancer (84.0%). Most information was received from office-based gynaecologists (82.4%). 82.8% had a breast examination by a medical doctor annually and 43.1% practised breast self-examination every month. 55.5% of the women had had a mammography, 72.5% gave screening as a reason for a mammogram. Age at first mammography was associated with social class (p<0.001). Cytological smears for early detection of cervical cancer were common and obtained frequently. Age at first Pap smear was associated with social class (p<0.001). 69.9% of the women considered themselves insufficiently informed on risk factors for cervical cancer. Women were poorly informed about risk factors for cervical cancer. Only 3.2% knew that infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor for cervical cancer. Giving a correct answer was associated with social class (p<0.001) but not with age.
Rates of opportunistic mammography screening were high in the study population. Information on risk factors for cervical cancer was scarce. Efforts should be made to improve women's knowledge about risk factors for cervical cancer.
What do German women know about screening for breast and cervical cancer offered annually by health insurances at no cost? Most women participating in the survey considered themselves well informed about possibilities for early detection of breast cancer. Over two third of the women considered themselves insufficiently informed on risk factors for cervical cancer. Only 3.2% of the women knew that infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor for cervical cancer. There is a pressing need in Germany for better education of the general public on risk factors for cervical cancer.
关于德国女性宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查的参与情况、乳房自我检查以及宫颈癌危险因素的知晓情况的数据较少。在德国比勒费尔德市进行了一项基于人群的调查。
向1500名年龄在25至75岁之间随机选取的女性邮寄了问卷。其中，540份问卷被退回，532份问卷被分析。
参与调查的女性认为自己对乳腺癌早期检测的可能性了解充分（84.0%）。大部分信息来自门诊妇科医生（82.4%）。82.8%的女性每年接受医生的乳房检查，43.1%的女性每月进行乳房自我检查。55.5%的女性进行过乳房X光检查，72.5%的女性将筛查作为进行乳房X光检查的原因。首次进行乳房X光检查的年龄与社会阶层相关（p<0.001）。用于宫颈癌早期检测的细胞学涂片很常见且经常进行。首次进行巴氏涂片检查的年龄与社会阶层相关（p<0.001）。69.9%的女性认为自己对宫颈癌危险因素了解不足。女性对宫颈癌危险因素了解甚少。只有3.2%的女性知道人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染是宫颈癌的危险因素。给出正确答案与社会阶层相关（p<0.001），但与年龄无关。
研究人群中机会性乳房X光筛查率较高。关于宫颈癌危险因素的信息匮乏。应努力提高女性对宫颈癌危险因素的认识。
德国女性对健康保险每年免费提供的乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查了解多少？大多数参与调查的女性认为自己对乳腺癌早期检测的可能性了解充分。超过三分之二的女性认为自己对宫颈癌危险因素了解不足。只有3.2%的女性知道人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染是宫颈癌的危险因素。在德国，迫切需要对公众进行关于宫颈癌危险因素的更好教育。
