Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Environ Int. 2018 Dec;121(Pt 2):1121-1127. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.026. Epub 2018 Nov 5.
The evidence for adverse effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution on mental health is limited. Studies in Western countries suggested higher risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) associated with PM air pollution, but no such study has been done in developing countries.
A case-control study was performed in Shanghai with a multi-stage random sampling design. Children's exposures to PM, PM and PM (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 1 μm, < 2.5 μm and < 10 μm, respectively) during the first three years after birth were estimated with satellite remote sensing data. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the PM-ASD association.
In total, 124 ASD cases and 1240 healthy controls were included in this study. The median levels of PM, PM and PM exposures during the first three years of life were 48.8 μg/m, 66.2 μg/m and 95.4 μg/m, respectively, and the interquartile range (IQR) for these three pollutants were 4.8 μg/m, 3.4 μg/m and 4.9 μg/m, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of ASD associated with an IQR increase for PM, PM and PM were 1.86 (1.09, 3.17), 1.78 (1.14, 2.76) and 1.68 (1.09, 2.59), respectively. Higher ORs of ASD associated with PM pollution were observed in the second and the third year after birth.
Exposures to PM, PM and PM during the first three years of life were associated with the increased risk of ASD and there appeared to be stronger effects of ambient PM pollution on ASD in the second and the third years after birth.
环境颗粒物 (PM) 污染对心理健康的不良影响的证据有限。西方国家的研究表明，PM 空气污染与自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的风险增加有关，但在发展中国家尚未开展此类研究。
本研究采用多阶段随机抽样设计，在上海开展了一项病例对照研究。使用卫星遥感数据估计了儿童出生后前三年 PM、PM 和 PM（分别为空气动力学直径<1μm、<2.5μm 和<10μm 的颗粒物）的暴露情况。采用条件逻辑回归检验 PM 与 ASD 的关联。
本研究共纳入了 124 例 ASD 病例和 1240 名健康对照。出生后前三年 PM、PM 和 PM 的暴露中位数分别为 48.8μg/m、66.2μg/m 和 95.4μg/m，四分位间距 (IQR) 分别为 4.8μg/m、3.4μg/m 和 4.9μg/m。与 PM、PM 和 PM 的 IQR 增加相关的 ASD 的调整比值比（95%置信区间）分别为 1.86（1.09，3.17）、1.78（1.14，2.76）和 1.68（1.09，2.59）。出生后第二年和第三年，与 PM 污染相关的 ASD 的更高比值比。
出生后前三年 PM、PM 和 PM 的暴露与 ASD 风险增加有关，并且环境 PM 污染对 ASD 的影响似乎在出生后第二年和第三年更强。
