Smith C D, Cyr M
Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa General Hospital, Canada.
Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1988 Apr;14(1):1-14.
Hippocrates (460-375 BC) was the first to describe cutaneous ulcers under the heading of herpes esthiomenos. From what we can tell, Herbernus of Tours was the first to apply the term lupus to a skin disease in 916 AD. Following this, a number of terms including lupus, noli me tangere, and herpes esthiomenos were used to describe cutaneous ulcers. Willan (1757-1812) expanded the classification of skin diseases using the term herpes for vesicular diseases and lupus for destructive and ulcerative diseases of the face. The first clear description of lupus erythematosus was by Biett and was reported by his student Cazenave under the term erythema centrifugum in 1833. In 1846 Hebra, under the name of Seborrhea Congestiva described disc-shaped patches and introduced the butterfly simile for the malar rash. In 1851 Cazenave renamed erythema centrifugum, calling it lupus erythematosus and gave a classic description of discoid lupus erythematosus. In 1872 Kaposi subdivided lupus into the discoid and systemic forms and introduced the concept of systemic disease with a potentially fatal outcome. Hutchinson alluded to the photosensitive nature of the rash and may have provided the earliest description of what is now called annular subacute cutaneous lupus. In 1894 Payne used quinine in the treatment of patients with LE and postulated the presence of a vascular disturbance. In 1902, Sequira and Balean published a large series of patients with discoid and systemic LE and provided clinical and pathologic details of a young woman who died of glomerulonephritis. In 1904, Jadassohn published an exhaustive review of discoid and systemic LE, including clinical features and pathologic findings. Between 1895 and 1904 Sir William Osler published 29 cases of what was termed the erythema group of diseases. Perhaps his major contribution was to show that skin diseases could be accompanied by a variety of systemic manifestations. In retrospect most of his patients suffered from diseases other than SLE and it was only in his 1904 paper that two cases with SLE were described. He did not acknowledge this diagnosis in his cases and we share the viewpoint that his contribution to the study of SLE has been overemphasized.
希波克拉底（公元前460 - 375年）是首个在“疱疹性消耗病”标题下描述皮肤溃疡的人。据我们所知，图尔的赫伯努斯在公元916年首次将“狼疮”一词用于一种皮肤病。此后，包括狼疮、“勿碰我”（一种皮肤病名）和疱疹性消耗病在内的多个术语被用于描述皮肤溃疡。威兰（1757 - 1812年）扩展了皮肤病的分类，将水疱性疾病用“疱疹”一词，面部破坏性和溃疡性疾病用“狼疮”一词。狼疮红斑的首次明确描述由比埃特作出，1833年他的学生卡泽纳夫以“离心性红斑”之名报道了该病。1846年，赫布拉以“充血性脂溢性皮炎”之名描述了盘状斑块，并引入了蝶形皮疹的比喻来形容颧部皮疹。1851年，卡泽纳夫将离心性红斑重新命名为狼疮红斑，并对盘状狼疮红斑进行了经典描述。1872年，卡波西将狼疮细分为盘状和系统性两种形式，并引入了具有潜在致命后果的系统性疾病概念。哈钦森提到了皮疹的光敏性质，可能最早描述了现在所称的环形亚急性皮肤型狼疮。1894年，佩恩用奎宁治疗红斑狼疮患者，并推测存在血管紊乱。1902年，塞奎拉和巴利安发表了一系列大量盘状和系统性红斑狼疮患者的病例，并提供了一名死于肾小球肾炎的年轻女性的临床和病理细节。1904年，雅达松发表了一篇关于盘状和系统性红斑狼疮的详尽综述，包括临床特征和病理发现。1895年至1904年间，威廉·奥斯勒爵士发表了29例所谓红斑组疾病的病例。或许他的主要贡献在于表明皮肤病可能伴有多种全身表现。回顾来看，他的大多数患者患的并非系统性红斑狼疮，只是在他1904年的论文中描述了两例系统性红斑狼疮病例。他在病例中并未承认这一诊断，而且我们认同他对系统性红斑狼疮研究的贡献被过度强调了这一观点。
